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1
Two early English colonies failed, but Jamestown
survivedpartly through individual effort and
hard work.
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2
Early Colonies Have Mixed Success
The English Plan Colonies
After defeat of Spanish Armada, England focuses
on colonizing Americas
English geographer Richard Hakluyt urges
England to start a colony - colonies would
provide market for English exports - colonies
would serve as source of raw materials
- colonies would establish Protestant faith in
Americas
Continued . . .
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3
continued The English Plan Colonies
English colonists go to Americas to - seek
economic opportunity - escape religious
persecution
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4
Two Early Colonies Fail
Sir Walter Raleigh begins colony on Roanoke
Island, Virginia (1585)
Native Americans stop colonists food supply
survivors return to England
2nd Roanoke colony begins (1587) colonists
disappear reason unknown
Sagadahoc colony begins (1607) face hardships,
return to England
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5
Financing a Colony
Sir Walter Raleigh is only person who finances
colony at Roanoke
When colony fails, he loses his investment
To raise money for colonies, turn to the
joint-stock company
Company is backed by investors
Each investor receives pieces of company
ownership
Investors split profits, divide losses
Continued . . .
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6
continued Financing a Colony
Organize Virginia Company of London, Virginia
Company of Plymouth
Given chartergovernment contract holder has
right to establish colony
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7
Jamestown Is Founded in 1607
Virginia Company of London finances expedition
to Chesapeake Bay
Expedition starts Jamestown settlement
Settlers face disease, harsh weather
Settlers incorrectly told they would find gold,
waste time searching
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8
Jamestown Grows
By January 1608, only 38 colonists remain alive
John Smith establishes colonial discipline,
trade with Powhatan tribe
800 more settlers arrive (1609), face
hardships, only 60 survive
More settlers arrive (1610) governor Lord De
La Warr imposes discipline
Colonists learn to grow tobacco product
becomes popular in England
Colonists become employees of Virginia Company,
want share of profits
Continued . . .
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9
continued Jamestown Grows
Virginia Company lets settlers own land
Population of Virginia jumps from about 600
(1619) to over 2,000 (1621)
Indentured servants arrive - they sell their
labor to person who pays their passage - after
a few years, they are free to farm or take up a
trade
Colonists annoyed with strict rule of governor,
want more local control
Set up House of Burgessesfirst representative
assembly in American colonies
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10
Conflicts with the Powhatan
As more settlers take land, relations with
Powhatan tribe grow worse
To improve relations, John Rolfe marries
chiefs daughter, Pocahontas
Uneasy peace colonists learn to grow corn,
catch fish from Powhatan
Expanding plantations cause Powhatan to kill
many settlers (1622)
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11
Bacons Rebellion in 1676
By 1670s, one-fourth of white men in English
colonies are indentured servants
They resent wealthy landowners
Nathaniel Bacon accuses Governor William
Berkeley of favoring wealthy
Demands Berkeley to approve war against Native
Americans to seize land
Berkeleys refusal sparks Bacons Rebellion
(1676)
Continued . . .
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12
continued Bacons Rebellion in 1676
Bacon, followers take control of House of
Burgesses burn Jamestown
Bacon dies Berkeley hangs Bacons followers
House of Burgesses pass laws - prevent
governor from taking so much power
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13
Religion influenced the settlement and government
of the New England colonies.
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14
New England Colonies
The Voyage of the Mayflower
Pilgrims land in 1620 at Plymouth, Massachusetts
PilgrimsSeparatist religious group separate
from Church of England
To escape persecution, they sail to Americas
Pilgrims land at Plymouth, Massachusetts (1620)
To establish order they sign the Mayflower
Compact - vow to obey laws agreed upon for the
good of the colony - establishes idea of
self-government, majority rule
Pilgrims sign the Mayflower Compact in 1620.
Painting, E. Moran.
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15
The Pilgrims Found Plymouth
Pilgrims endure hardships half of group dies
by spring
Make friends with Squanto, a Pawtuxet
Squanto sets up peace treaty between Pilgrims
and Native Americans
Squanto shows Pilgrims how to plant, hunt, fish
Pilgrims trade with Native Americans, send
lumber to England for profit
Pilgrims, Native Americans celebrate
harvestfirst Thanksgiving
Native Americans and Pilgrims eat together at
first Thanksgiving in 1621.
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The Puritans Come to Massachusetts Bay
Puritansreligious group, wants to reform
Church of England
To escape persecution, many Puritans sail to
Americas (16301640)
This movement of Puritans is known as the Great
Migration
1,000 Puritans arrive at Massachusetts Bay
Colony (1630)
They are well prepared do not starve
First governor John Winthrop sets up a
commonwealth
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The New England Way
Basic unit of the commonwealth is
congregation - group of people who belong to
same church - each congregation sets up own town
- each town has a form of self-government
Puritans follow the New England
Way - emphasizes duty, godliness, hard
work, honesty - work ethic helps growth of New
England colonies - requires that all children
learn to read
Continued . . .
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continued The New England Way
Puritan congregations set up new colonies
Thomas Hooker adopts Fundamental Orders of
Connecticut (1639) - extends voting rights to
non-church members - limits power of governor
- expands idea of representative government
Portsmouth is first European settlement in New
Hampshire
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Challenges to Puritan Leaders
Massachusetts minister Roger Williams opposes
New England Way
Forced to leave colony, he founds colony of
Rhode Island (1636)
This colony guarantees religious freedom,
separation of church/state
Anne Hutchinson believes person can worship
without church, Bible
Quakers believe person can know God through
inner light
Also believe in treating Native Americans
fairly, persecuted for this
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20
King Philips War
Growing tensions over land between colonists,
Native Americans
Europeans and Native Americans define land
ownership differently - to Europeans, land can
be owned by individuals - to Native
Americans, land belongs to everyone
Continued . . .
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21
continued King Philips War
King Philips War (16751676)war between
Puritans, Native Americans
Chart
Native Americans lose war, are forced to become
laborers
English settlers expand farther into Native
American lands
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22
The Salem Witchcraft Trials
By late 1600s, societal changes lead to fear,
suspicion in New England
Pretending to be bewitched, girls falsely
accuse others of witchcraft
Witch-hunts begin (1692) more than 100 people
are arrested, tried
20 found guilty and put to death
Panic short-lived experience shows how society
can make scapegoats
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The founding of the Middle and Southern colonies
provided settlers with many economic
opportunities.
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Founding the Middle and Southern Colonies
The Middle Colonies
Middle coloniesNew York, New Jersey,
Pennsylvania, Delaware
Are located between New England and Chesapeake
region
Religious freedom attracts many groups
Conditions favorable for shipping, commerce,
farming, livestock
Meeker farmhouse in New Jersey colony in 1676.
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New Netherland Becomes New York
Dutch settlers found New Netherland (1624)
Includes Hudson River valley, Long Island, land
along Delaware River
Each patroon brings 50 settlers receives land
grant, special privileges
Many different settlers arrive - 23 Jews
(1654) - Africans come as slaves and indentured
servants - Puritans
Continued . . .
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continued New Netherland Becomes New York
New Netherlands governor Peter Stuyvesant
attacks New Sweden
Wants to add land to New Netherland New Sweden
surrenders (1655)
Englands king wants Duke of York to drive
Dutch out of New Netherland - Dutch colonies
threaten Englands trade - Dutch colonies
geographically divide the English colonies
New Netherland surrenders to English (1664)
Becomes proprietary colonyDuke of York is
proprietor, or owner
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New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware
Duke of York gives part of claim, province of
New Jersey, to friends
Promise settlers religious freedom, land
grants, representative assembly
American landowner William Penn joins religious
groupQuakers
To repay debts, English king gives large piece
of land to Penn (1681)
Continued . . .
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continued New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware
William Penn uses land to create colony of
Pennsylvania for Quakers - welcomes different
religious, ethnic groups - treats Native
Americans fairly - becomes wealthy colony
Southern counties of Pennsylvania form own
colony of Delaware
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The Southern Colonies
Southern coloniesMaryland, the Carolinas,
Georgia
West border is Appalachian Mountains east
border is Atlantic Ocean
Conditions good for warm-weather crops
tobacco, rice, indigo
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Maryland and the Carolinas
Lord Baltimore establishes Maryland for Roman
Catholics (1632)
Maryland passes Toleration Actpromises freedom
of religion
Marylands economy is based on tobacco
Colony of Carolina (1663) grows rice, indigo
use enslaved African labor
Sell Native Americans into slavery conflicts
between colonists, tribes
Continued . . .
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continued Maryland and the Carolinas
Colonists overthrow Carolinas proprietary rule
Carolina becomes royal colonyrule by
king-appointed governor
Colony divides into North Carolina and South
Carolina
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Georgia
James Oglethorpe founds Georgia as refuge for
debtors (1732)
During English-Spanish war, Spain tries to oust
English colonists, but fails
English, Germans, Swiss, Scottish settle
Georgia all religions welcome
Oglethorpes strict rules upset colonists
In response, king makes Georgia a royal colony
in 1752
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