Glagoli (verbs)

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Glagoli (verbs)
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Definicija

• Glagol je vrsta reci koja oznacava neku radnju,
  stanje ili zbivanje
• David goes to school every day.
• It is raining.
• The stars are bright.

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Gradenje glagola

• Prosti cut, read, sit
• Složeni fulfill, oversleep, undergo
• Izvedeni od drugih vrsta reci shorten, moralize,
  beautify
• Glagoli se grade pomocu sledecih prefiksa
• 1. be- stavlja se ispred imenica, prideva i
  glagola befriend, belittle

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• 2.de- stavlja se ispred glagola i imenica
  decode, depopulate
• 3. dis- daje glagolu negativno znacenje
  disbelieve, dislike, disagree
• 4. en-/em- stavljaju se ispred imenica, prideva i
  glagola da obrazuju glagole encourage, encircle,
  embody, embed
• 5. inter- dodaje se glagolima interchange,
  intermingle

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• 6. mis- daje glagolima negativno znacenje
  misbehave, misapply, mismanage
• 7. re- daje glagolima znacenje ponovo nešto
  uraditi reappear, rebuild, rewrite
• 8. un- daje glagolima suprotno znacenje uncover,
  undress, unlock
• Sufiksi za izvodenje glagola su
• 1. en, dodaje se pridevima i imenicama harden,
  lessen, shorten, frighten

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• 2. fy, obicno se dodaje recima latinskog
  porekla satisfy, signify, beautify
• 3. ize, obicno se dodaje recima grckog,
  latinskog i francuskog porekla apologize,
  civilize, organize, sympathize

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Osobine glagola

• Stanje (voice)
• Nacin (mood)
• Vreme (tense)
• Broj (number)
• Lice (person)
• Vid (aspect)

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Stanje (voice)

• Aktivno (active voice)
• Pasivno (passive voice)
• Ako je subjekat i vršilac radnje aktivno stanje
• They sell bread in this shop.
• Ako subjekat trpi radnju pasivno stanje
• Bread is sold in this shop.

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Nacin (mood)

• Indikativ ili pokazni (the indicative mood)
• Konjuktiv (the subjunctive mood)
• Imperativ ili zapovedni (the imperative mood)
• Indikativ konstatuju se cinjenice ili
  postavljaju pitanja o realnim sadašnjim, prošlim
  i buducim radnjama
• I agree with you.
• They arrived last night
• Will you come early?

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• Konjuktiv iskazuje zamišljena stanja ili radnje
  (želje, pretpostavke, sumnje, itd.)
• I wish I were with them.
• If I had time I should learn Chinese.
• Suppose she came late.
• Imperativ iskazuje naredbe ili molbe
• Turn off the TV.
• Help me, please.

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Vreme (tense)

• Glagolski oblik koji oznacava kada se nešto
  dešava.
• Sadašnja vremena Present Simple /Continuous,
  Present Perfect Simple /Continuous
• Prošla vremena Past Simple / Continuous, Past
  Perfect Simple / Continuous
• Buduca vremena Future Simple /Continuous, Future
  Perfect Simple / Continuous

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Lice i broj (person number)

• Bezlicni glagolski oblici (non-finite forms)
• Licni glagolski oblici (finite forms)
• Bezlicni infinitiv, particip i gerund.
• Nemaju lice i broj.
• Npr. to write, written i writing.
• Licni slažu se sa subjektom u licu i broju
• He is a teacher.
• They are teachers.

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Vid (aspect)

• Govori o trajanju radnje
• Simple tenses He went out and sat on the grass.
• Continuous tenses He was sitting on the grass
  when I went out.

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Glavni i pomocni glagoli (main auxilliary
verbs)

• Glavni glagoli nosioci znacenja radnje
• Pomocni glagoli za gradenje raznih glagolskih
  oblika
• Did you see the film last night?
• see main verb
• did - auxilliary

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Pomocni i nepotpuni glagoli

• 12 glagola koji služe kao pomocni
• Be
• Have
• Do
• Shall
• Will
• Can
• May
• Must
• Ought
• Need
• Dare
• Used

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• Samo be, have i do imaju sve oblike, a ostali
  imaju jedan ili dva oblika
• Shall (should)
• Will (would)
• Can (could)
• May (might)
• Need, ought, dare, used imaju samo 1 oblik.

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• Neki od ovih glagola se ne upotrebljavaju uvek
  kao pomocni, nego mogu biti i glavni glagoli u
  recenici
• I have three children.
• The book is on the shelf.
• I do all the housework.
• Do you need money?

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• Kad se upotrebe kao pomocni, svi navedeni glagoli
  imaju neke zajednicke karakteristike
• 1. Gradenje odricnih oblika pomocu recce not
• Do not (dont) are not (arent) have not
  (havent)
• 2. Gradenje upitnih oblika inverzijom
• Is he here?
• Shall I open the window?

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• 3. Kratki odgovori (short answers) da bi se
  izbeglo ponavljanje glavnog glagola
• Can you speak English? Yes, I can.
• Who speaks English in this class? I do.
• 4. Kratka pitanja (question tags) zar ne?
• You have read this book, havent you?
• She wont come tomorrow, will she?
• 5. Isticanje u potvrdnim recenicama zaista
• He does work hard.
• I do like this warm weather.

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Podela pomocnih glagola

• a) to be, to have, to do imaju sve oblike
• b) shall (should), will (would), can (could), may
  (might), must, ought, need, dare, used nemaju
  sve oblike nepotpuni glagoli
• Nepotpuni glagoli ne dobijaju nastavak s u
  trecem licu jednine prezenta. Iza njih ide
  infinitiv bez to
• Shall do will play can swim, etc.

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Glagol to be

• Može da bude
• a) glagol punog znacenja
• There is only one apple on the tree.
• Where have you been?
• b) glagol nepotpunog znacenja
• He is a major.
• The roses in my garden are all red.

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• Upotrebljava se kao pomocni glagol da obrazuje
• a) sa participom sadašnjim, trajna vremena
• The girl was singing.
• We shall be seeing him tomorrow.
• b) sa participom prošlim, pasivna vremena
• We were asked to go there.
• A new cinema is being built in our neighbourhood.

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• Konstrukcija to be to infinitiv
  upotrebljava se
• a) da pokaže da je nešto unapred ugovoreno ili
  odredeno, da nešto može ili treba da se dogodi,
  da izrazi naredbu ili zabranu
• They are to arrive by the nine oclock train.
• The article is to appear in the Sunday issue.
• He was nowhere to be found.

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• b) da pokaže da je nešto neizbežno ili
  predodredeno
• They were never to meet again. (Nije im bilo
  sudeno da se ponovo sretnu)
• I was only to learn later about his departure.
  (Sudbina je htela da tek kasnije saznam za njegov
  odlazak.)

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Glagol to have (imati)
Potvrdni oblik Upitni oblik Odricni oblik
I have Do I have? I dont have
You have Do you have? You dont have
He/she/it has Does he/she/it have? He/she/it doesnt have
We have Do we have? We dont have
They have Do they have? They dont have
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• Glagol to have je takode važan, jer ima znacenje
  imati, posedovati
• I have a dog.
• They have a house.
• He has a new car.
• Važno!!! U trecem licu jednine (he/she/it) oblik
  glasi has.
• Ovaj glagol se takode javlja u kombinaciji s
  imenicama, i tada menja svoje znacenje
• Have breakfast/lunch/dinner
• Have a shower/a bath
• Have a good time
• In the morning he has a shower, and then he has
  breakfast.

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• Have lessons
• Have trouble
• Have a look
• Have a pleasant journey
• Have a safe trip

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• To have ima još jedan oblik, a to je have got.
  Znaci takode imati, ali je drugaciji što se
  tice forme (upitni i odricni oblik). Have got ne
  može da menja svoje znacenje u kombinaciji s
  drugim recima He has got a shower ne znaci on
  se tušira, vec on ima tuš.
• Medutim, I have a new car i I have got a new car
  imaju isto znacenje.

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Have got
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• Glagol to have kao pomocni koristi se za gradenje
  Present Perfect Simple/Continuous i Past Perfect
  Simple/Continuous
• They havent arrived yet.
• Ive been driving for hours now.
• When they arrived, he had already left.
• I had been studying whole day yesterday.

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Have to - morati

• Have to upotrebljava se u znacenju morati-
  obaveza koja proistice iz pravila
• Do you have to be in your office at seven?
• I have to write a seminar paper for next week.
• You have to turn left at the crossroads.

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Causative have

• Have obj particip prošli causative have
• Oznacava nešto što subjekat nije sam uradio, nego
  je dao da se uradi.
• (U srpskom se ne oznacava uvek razlika izmedu
  onog što smo sami uradili i što smo dali da se
  uradi.)
• We had our photographs taken.
• When did you have your hair cut?

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Glagol to do

• Može da se upotrebi kao glavni glagol
• What are you doing here?
• It wont do you any harm.
• Do me a favour, will you?
• He is doing well.
• Kao pomocni glagol upotrebljava se za Present
  Simple (do/does) i Past Simple (did)
• Do you like travelling by plane?
• Did you go out to dinner last night?