Warm-up them minds

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Warm-up them minds

• Which group of people held more power in the
  Roman republic, patricians or plebeians?
• How was the Roman Republic different from a
  Monarchy?
• 3. Who were the Punic Wars fought between?

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From Republic to Empire
Main Idea Governmental and social problems led to
the end of the Roman Republic and the creation of
a new form of government.

• Reading Focus
• What problems did leaders face in the late Roman
  Republic?
• How did Rome become an empire?
• What helped tie the Roman empire together during
  the Pax Romana?

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Problems in the Late Republic
By the mid-100s BC, Rome had no rival anywhere in
the Mediterranean world. However, the
responsibilities of running their vast holdings
stretched the Roman political system to its
limits.
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Summarize And write this down What challenges
faced Rome in the late Republic?
Answer(s) slave revolts, social unrest, the
Social War, and a civil war in which Sulla became
dictator
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Rome Becomes an Empire
Sulla paved the way for major changes in Romes
government. The end of the Republic resulted from
the ambitions of a few individuals.
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Caesar named Dictator!

• In Rome, the Senate elected Caesar dictator,
  consul, tribune, sole commander of the army, and
  chief of the citys treasury.
• He expanded the senate, elected friends and
  supporters from Italy and neighboring provinces.
• He built new temples, libraries, and buildings.
• Ordered a review of the Roman calendar to make it
  more accurate.

• Fun Fact the month July is named after him
• Most Romans believed Caesars one-man rule was
  preferable to the chaos that had gone before,
  even though is violated the Republics
  constitution.
• But not everyone was pleased with Caesars
  accomplishments

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Et tu Brute?!

• Other Romans, especially the Senators hated
  Caesar and plotted to get rid of him.
• When Caesar brought Cleopatra to Rome and had a
  statue of her placed in a temple, his opponents
  were outraged
• A group of disgruntled Senators hatched a plan to
  kill him, on March 15 in 44 B.C.

• Pretending they wanted to question him about a
  petition, they gathered around him in the Senate
  chambers.
• They had daggers hidden in their togas.
• Caesar saw his friend Brutus with a dagger, his
  last words were et tu Brute (you too Brutus?)
• Horrible Histories video

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• The Second Triumvirate
• Caesars murder did not save the Republic
• 43 BC, Second Triumvirate took powerCaesars
  grand-nephew/adopted son, Octavian loyal officer
  Marc Antony high priest Lepidus
• Lepidus pushed aside Antony, Octavian agreed to
  govern half the empire each, Octavian in west,
  Antony in East

• Civil War
• Civil war between Octavian, Antony broke out
• Octavian defeated Antony and his ally, Egypts
  Queen Cleopatra
• Cleopatra, Antony committed suicide Octavian
  alone controlled Rome
• Republic effectively dead new period in Roman
  history beginning

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Check12

1. What challenges did Rome face in the LATE
   REPUBLIC?
2. What happened to all of the land that the Roman
   military conqueredwho was it given to?
3. What was the First Triumvirate?
4. What happened when the First Triumvirate ended?

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From Octavian to Augustus

• Octavian Takes Power
• Octavian faced task of restoring order in empire
• Had no intention of establishing dictatorship
  when he took power

• New Political Order
• Octavian decided it impossible to return Rome to
  republican form of government
• Created new political order, known today as the
  empire

• Principate
• Octavian careful to avoid title of king or
  emperor
• Called himself princeps, first citizen
• Government called Principate

• New Title
• 27 BC, Senate gave Octavian title Augustus,
  exalted one
• Title a religious honor able to wear laurel and
  oak leaf crown

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Accomplishments of Augustus

• Encouraged trade
• Common coinage
• Civil Servicegrain supply, postal system, tax
  collection
• Done by plebeians and former slaves
• Buildings and monuments http//www.youtube.com/wat
  ch?vjGN-KDH1A34

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The Good Emperors

• Empire grew tremendously under Good Emperors
• Reached limits of expansion under Trajan
• Added what are now Romania, Armenia, Mesopotamia,
  and the Sinai Peninsula
• Successor Hadrian thought empire too large
• Withdrew from almost all eastern additions
• Built defensive fortifications to guard against
  invasions
• Built wall 73 miles long in northern Britain

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Explain And write this down What aspects of
Roman society remained similar from Republic to
Empire?
Answer(s) wide disparity from Rich and poor,
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The Pax Romana
The period from the beginning of Augusts reign
in 27 BC until the death of the last of the Good
Emperors in AD 180 is often called the Pax
Romanathe Roman Peace. This era was
characterized by stable government, a strong
legal system, widespread trade, and peace.
Empire brought uniformity to the cities of the
Mediterranean world, which were governed in
imitation of Rome.
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Analyze How did government, law, and trade tie
the Roman people together?
Answer(s) The Roman government was the strongest
unifying force, maintaining order, enforcing the
laws, and defending the frontiers. Roman law
provided stability and, with few exceptions, the
same laws applied to everyone in the empire.
Trade provided opportunities for commerce between
people in different parts of the empire.
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Cleopatra Music video