Physical therapy (physical medicine)

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Physical therapy (physical medicine)

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reviews

• definition physical agents,treatment
• origin advance
• field
• Mechanism

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fields

• electrotherapy
• phototherapy
• ultrasonic therapy
• magnetical therapy
• heat cold
• mechanotheropy
• Theraputic exercise
• others

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?-ray
X-ray
Infrared ray
UHF
High frequency
Intermediate frequency
Low frequency
DC
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electrotherapies

• Direct current (DC)
• Low frequency current
• Intermediate frequency
• High frequent
• (shortwave diathermy,SWD)
• Microwave diathermy, MWD)

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Galvanic current( DC)Galvanization

• Theory
• Effect

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Positive pole Negative pole

Acid ?
Acid ? Protein ?
Protein
?
Positive ion
Negative ion
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Positive pole Negative pole

• Acid
• Attracts oxygen
• Dehydrates tissues
• Vasoconstrictor
• Causes ischemia
• Stops bleeding
• More germicidal
• Sedative
• Corrodes metals by oxidation
• Relieves pain

• Alkaline
• Attracts hydrogen
• Liquefies tissues
• Vasodilator
• Causes hyperemia
• Causes bleeding
• Less germicidal
• Stimulant
• Does not corrode metals
• Causes pain

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Iontophoresis

• Theoryattract , repel
• Specialty
• Drugs ion
• Local concentration?
• Superficial and slow
• Double effect

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specialty of the Low and intermediate frequency
current

• cause muscle contract
• circulation?
• Stimulat N.T.spinalthe gate theory
• N.T.--endorphins ?
• Palliuminhibit
• Reduces dorsal horn cell activity

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Low frequency current

• Transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS)
• Neuromucular electrical stimulation (NMES)
• Functional electical stimulation (FES)

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Functional electrical stimulation(FES)

• Theory
• Specialty

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Intermediate frequency

• Undamped medium frequency electrotherapy
• Modulated medium frequency electrothrapy
• Interferential therapy

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High frequent electrotherapies

• Theory
• Specialty

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phototherapy

• infrared
• visible light
• ultraviolet
• laser

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therapeutic Heat

• methodconduct?diathermy
• effect
• indication

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effect of therapeutic Heat
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Indication of the therapeutic Heat

• Acceleration of metabolic processes
• Pain
• Contracture
• Muscle spasm
• Hematoma resolution
• Tension myalgia
• Production of hyperemia
• others

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ultrasonic therapy

• theory
• Effect
• Indication

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magnet therapy

• theory
• effect

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Hydrotherapy

• Theory(temperature?press?chemistry)
• effect

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Paraffin therapy

• Theory (warm?press?embellish)
• effect

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Hypothermia(cold therapy)

• blood vessel contract
• nerve - excitability?

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Mechanotheropy

• Traction
• Manipulation
• Massage

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Theraputic exercise(kinesithrapy)

• medical gymnastics
• ROM exercise
• others

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watch-musicotherapy

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summary

• commonness
• characteriatic

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Problem

• Theory about DC? Specialty?
• Low frequent? Specialty?
• What is the phototherapy?
• Theory about megnit-therapy?
• What is the ultrasound-therapy? Specialty?

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