California

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Californias Geology Resources
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State Standards California Natural Resources and
hazards

• Students will know the resources of major
  economic importance in California and their
  relation to Californias Geology.
• Students will know the principle natural hazards
  in different California regions and the geologic
  basis of those hazards.
• Students will know the importance of water to
  society, the origins of Californias fresh water,
  and the relationship between supply and need.
• Students will know how to analyze published
  geologic hazard maps of California and know how
  to use the maps information to identify evidence
  of geologic events of the past and predict
  geologic changes in the future.

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Objectives WHY?

• Students will be able to list the major resources
  of California and understand their relationship
  to Californias Agriculture industry.
• Students will be able to describe the importance
  of water resources, where our water resources
  come from and how it affects agriculture in
  California.
• Students will be able to list the California
  natural hazards and describe what they are.
• WHY? It is important that we understand
  Californias industrys and the economic impact
  its natural resources have on our everyday lives
  from the water that flows through our faucets to
  the minerals that build and fund our state.

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CaliforniaS water
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California's Natural Resources
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Average Water use in CA

• Urban water use
• Homes
• Businesses
• Industry
• Public services

• Agricultural water use
• Crops
• Animals

• Environmental water use
• Streams
• Plants and Trees
• Wetlands
• Fish and other animals
• Coastal fresh water basins

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• Southern part of the state has 2/3 the population
  and 1/3 the water
• Water is transferred from the North to the South
• Why? To support its growing population
  and highly productive agriculture

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• Californias Agriculture productivity is the
  highest in the nation and one of the highest in
  the world.
• Agriculture is Californias largest industry
• Farm receipts total over 43.5 billion in 2012
• Because of Californias arid climate water is
  essential for crop irrigation.
• Agriculture uses over 30 of Californias fresh
  water resources.

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Water Sources

• 1.) Mountain Snow
• Snow at high elevations melts supply rivers
  other fresh water resources
• Source of surface water
• 2.) Groundwater
• Supplies most of CA surface water.
• CA rivers have been dammed, channeled and
  diverted to control floods and supply water for
  hydroelectric power.

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Why not the ocean?

• Sea water contains salt
• Salt must be removed from the water before it can
  be used as freshwater.
• The process to do this is called reverse osmosis
  water must be ran through a fine filter to remove
  the salt.
• This process is very expensive
• There is a reverse osmosis desalinization plant
  in Santa Barbara which was built in 1990s but is
  no longer in use because of the high cost to
  operate.

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• There are two major sources of surface water for
  urban and agricultural areas
• The Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (Bay-Delta)
• The Colorado River.
• Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (Bay-Delta)
• Serves 2/3 the population or 22 million people
• Decades-long conflicts between competing
  interests over the use of available supplies have
  been brought on by the state's swelling
  population and periods of drought.

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Major water sources
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Bay Delta Area
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Water Issues

• Water from the Bay Delta is sent south..
• It is important for local farmers in the north
• Important for the ecosystem
• Who should get it?.....

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Water Issues

• Californias population currently is estimated at
  35.5 million, and is projected to hit 49.3
  million by 2025.
• Decades-long conflicts between competing
  interests over the use of available supplies have
  been brought on by the state's swelling
  population and periods of drought.
• Department of Water Resources (DWR) forecast a
  gap between water supply and demand ranging from
  2.4 million acre-feet during normal years up to
  6.2 million acre-feet in drought years by 2020.

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Biodiversity/ Habitat Conservation

• CALIFORNIA IS ONE OF the most biologically
  diverse areas in the world.
• California is very rich in biological diversity,
  but a growing human population and resulting
  habitat destruction are threatening many
  ecosystems and species. 
• One approach to balancing the conservation of at
  least some ecosystems with increasing urban
  development is the controversial Habitat
  Conservation Plan, authorized by the Endangered
  Species Act.
• To save endangered species we must save their
  habitat.
• Why should we save endangered species? Congress
  answered this question in the introduction to the
  Endangered Species Act of 1973 (Act), recognizing
  that endangered and threatened species of
  wildlife and plants "are of esthetic, ecological,
  educational, historical, recreational, and
  scientific value to the Nation and its people."

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Extra Credit Page of the booklet

• 1. Average water use in California goes towards
  what two major sectors?
• 2. Where does Californias freshwater come from?
• Why cant we use the water from the ocean?
• 3. What major issue face California and its water
  supply?
• 4. What two major water sources supply southern
  California with water currently?

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California energy resources
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Energy Resources

• California has a variety of energy sources
  including
• petroleum
• natural gas
• geothermal
• Nuclear
• increasing amounts of renewable and alternative
  fuels, such as solar and wind energy. 
• California has a very diverse mix of  fuel
  sources and technologies--one of the most
  balanced in the world.

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Energy Fossil Fuels

• Californias central valley was once an ancient
  sea floor that formed through tectonic activity.
• California is the 4th largest producer of oil and
  a major producer of natural gas in the U.S.
• We use more than we produce
• CA imports 84 of the natural gas and 58 of the
  oil used

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2nd extra credit page of the Booklet

• 1. What are Californias main energy resources?
• 2. What are fossil fuels and how were they
  developed in California?
• What is Geothermal Energy and how to we turn it
  into a energy source?

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OTHER VALUABLE RESOURCES..Last extra credit
page IN BOOK-RESEARCH OTHER SOURCES AND LIST
THEIR IMPORTANCE.
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California Natural hazards
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What are Natural Disasters?

• A natural disaster is a natural event with
  catastrophic consequences for living things in
  the vicinity.
• The human death toll resulting from natural
  disasters, however, depends on many factors which
  are not "natural" - emergency preparedness, for
  example.

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What types of natural disasters occur in
California?

• Earth Quakes (9)
• Volcano Eruption (9)
• Tsunamis (11)
• Floods (11)
• Wildfires (13)
• Landslides (13)
• Droughts (13)

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Earthquakes

• Earthquakes occur at tectonic boundaries.
• California has 3 tectonic plates come together.
• Pacific Plate
• West Section of California ( SF to Imperial)
• North American Plate
• East part of California
• Gorda Plate
• Northern part of California

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What are Faults?

• Faults are fractures along plates where movement
  occurs.
• Well known faults in California
• San Andreas Fault
• Ellsinore
• San Jacinto
• Hayward Fault
• Calaveras Fault

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Plate Boundary Map
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Volcanoes

• California has several active and potential
  active volcanoes
• Northern California- Cascade Range
• Mt Shasta and Lassen peak
• Eastern Sierra- Long Valley

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Tsunami

• Seismic sea waves caused by fault movement.
• Since seismically active area possibility of a
  tsunami
• Along the Cascadia subduction zone

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Tsunami
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Floods

• Floods are the stage at which rivers or dams over
  flow. It causes a sufficient magnitude of water
  to cause considerable flooding of land and roads
  and/or threat of significant hazard to life and
  property
• California levees are in critical condition and
  need repair

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Flood Stages
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Wildfires

• Common in California, Natural part of the
  environment here
• Mediterranean type climate- growth of plants
  winter and spring, dry out in summer
• More growth equals more fuel
• Plants adapt to regrow after fires
• Fires natural caused by lightning
• Following a fire the following usually happens-
  flooding, erosion, and landslides

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Landslides

• The down slope movement of soil and/or rock
• An abrupt movement of soil and bedrock downhill
  in response to gravity. Landslides can be
  triggered by an earthquake or other natural
  causes. Undersea landslides can cause tsunamis.

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Landslides
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Drought

• After the abundant rains in spring 2011, it would
  be easy to think that our water supply is
  endless. But it's important to remember that in
  California, the next drought may be just around
  the corner. Wasting even small amounts of water
  today means less water is available for the dry
  times we know will come again.

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Review Sheet- Write the questions and then answer
the question.

• 1. Name the types of energy California uses.
• 2. Where does California rank in energy
  production?
• 3. What is a natural disaster?
• 4. What is California number one resource?
• 5. Why is water a big debate?
• 6. Who wants Californias water?
• 7. What types of natural disasters effect
  California?
• 8. Define each natural disaster.