????:??? ????:https://ceiba.ntu.edu.tw/971_liberalism

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???????????https//ceiba.ntu.edu.tw/971_liberal
ism

• Liberalism
• By Ronald Dworkin

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????

• Ronald Dworkin (1931- )
• ????
• Taking Rights Seriously
• A Matter of Principle
• Law's Empire
• Life's Dominion
• Freedom's Law
• Sovereign Virtue

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??????????

• (?)?????????????????????,????????????????
• (?)??????????????????????????????,???????????????
  ????,????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??

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??????????

• (?)????????????????
• (1)???????????,???????????????
• (2)????????,?????????????????????,???????????????
  ?????????????????

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??????????

• (?)????????????
• (1)????????????????
• (2)?????????,?????????????????? ??????
  ???????
• (3)???????????????
• a)??????????????????(treating people as equals
  ),???????????????
• b)??????????,?????????????? (treating people
  equally, with respect to one or another commodity
  or opportunity)?

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??????????

• (4)??????????????,????????????????????????,??????
  ???????????????,??????????????????????,???????????
  ???????

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????????????????

• (?)??????
• (1)?????????????????
• (2)???????????????,?????? ??????
  ?????,?????????????
• (?)??????????????????,?????????????????

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???????????????

• (?)??????(principle of rough equality)
• (1)??????????????????,???????????????,??????????
  ?
• (2)????????????????????????
• (3)?????????????????

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???????????????

• (?)???????????,??????????,???????
• (1)????????????????
• (2)????????????????????

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???????????????

• (?)????
• (1)?????????????????
• (2)?????????(????????)????????
• (3)???????????
• a)???????????????????????????
• b)??????????????????

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???????????????

• (?)????
• (1)????(external preferences)????????????????????
  
• (2)?????????
• a)???(civil right)??????????????????,??????????
  ???
• b)??????(procedural right)???,????????????(accur
  acy),??????????????

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???????????????

• (?)??
• (1)????????????,??????????????????
• (2)?????????????????????
• (3)??????????????????????,?????????????

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??????????

• (?)????????????(good man)????????????
• (?)??????????????????(virtuous society) ???????

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??????????

• (?)?????????
• (1)??????????????,?????,?????????????????(qualiti
  es)?????(dispositions)?
• (2)???????????,??????,??????????????????????????
  ????,?????????????
• (3)?????????????,???????????

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???????????????

• (?)???????????,?????????,?????????????????????????
  ??
• (?)???????
• (1)??????,????????????????,??????????
• (2)???????????,???????????????,??????,??????????,
  ?????????????????????????,??????????

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???????????????

• (?)????????????
• (1)?????????????
• a)?????????????????,???????????(????)????,?????
  ?,????????????????????????????????????,???????????
  ???
• b)??????????????????????,????????????,?????????
  ????????,?????????

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???????????????

• (2)???????????????????,?????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????,???????????
• (3)?????????????????????????????????
• (4)??????????,???????? ????? (affirmative
  action)?

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??????

• (?)????????????
• (?)????????
• (1)?????????????????
• (2)????????????,??????,???????????????????
• (3)??????????,??????????????
• (4)????????????????????????????

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??????

• (?)?????
• (1)??????????????
• a)???????????,??????????????,??????????????
• b)????????????????,???????????????????
• c)?????????,????????????????,???????????????

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??????

• (2)??????????
• a)??????????????,??????????????
• b)?????????????????????,????????

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??????

• (3)?????????????????????,?????????????????????,?
  ????????????????????
• (4)?????
• a)????????????????????(preference-utilitarianism
  ),??????????
• b)???????????????????????????,???,??????????????
  ????????????

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????????????????

• (?)???????????????
• (?)??
• ?????????????????
• (1)????
• a)??????????????,?????????????????????
• b)???????(?????????)
• (2)????
• a)?????????????????
• b)???????(????????????????????)
• (3)?????????????,????????

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????????????????

• ?????????????????
• (1)????
• a)????????????,?????,?????????,???????????????
  
• b)???????(????????????,????????????,??????????
  ?????,??????????????,???????)
• (2)???????????,????????????????????
• (3)?????????,?????????,??????????????????,??????
  ???????????