Title: Physical Geography of SW
1Physical Geography of SW Central Asia, and N.
Africa
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3Bodies of Water
Black Sea
Caspian Sea
Dardanelles Strait?
AtlanticOcean
?TigrisRiver
Mediterranean Sea
EuphratesRiver?
Jordan River?
Suez Canal?
Strait of?Hormuz
Persian Gulf
Nile River?
?Gulf ofOman
Red Sea
ArabianSea
?Gulf of Aden
IndianOcean
4Seas Peninsulas
- Arabian Peninsula
- Separated from Africa by Gulf of Aden Red Sea
- Sinai Pen.
- Suez Canal separate the land to the north/west
- Persian Gulf is on the east side
Gulf of Aden
5Seas Peninsulas
- Anatolia Pen.
- Black Sea to N
- Aegean Sea to W
- Mediterranean Sea to S
- Many straits connecting seas ()
Bosporus Strait
Aegean Sea
ANATOLIA
6Dardenelles
Bosporus Strait
7Seas Peninsulas
- Strait of Gibraltar
- Separates Africa from Iberian Pen.
- Only a dozen
- miles or so
- wide
- gateway to
- Africa
8Strait of Gibraltar
9Seas Peninsulas
- Dead Sea
- On Jordan River (border w/ Israel)
- 8X saltier than any ocean- How come?
- In the 50s
- L 262 m, W 57 m
- Today
- L 42 m, W 11 m
10TheJordan RiverSystem Israel Jordan--A
Fight OverWater Rights?
11Dead Sea Lowest Point on Earth
2,300 below sea level
HighestSaltContent(33)
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13Seas Peninsulas
- Caspian Sea
- Largest inland/landlocked body of water (lake)
- But it is salt water!! (remnants of larger sea)
- Facing evaporation increases, decrease in
- flow from feeder rivers,
- and increase in irrigation/industry uses
14Seas Peninsulas
- Aral Sea
- Use to be lg have productive fishing
- Shrunk drastically due to USSR draining it for
irrigation - Ppl build sm. dams to create basins of freshwater
from rivers
15 Rivers
- Nile River
- Longest in world
- Flows NORTH to Med. Sea
- 90 of Egyptians live in delta or along river (
3 of land) - Faces great flood seasons ? built Aswan High Dam
for control
Aswan High Dam
16The Mighty Nile RiverLongest River in the
World
17Egypt The Gift of the Nile
Nile Delta
Annual Nile Flooding
90 of the Egyptian people live on 3 of the land!
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19Aswan High Dam, Egypt
HydroelectricPower Plant
20Suez Canal
Completed by the British in 1869
21Rivers
- Tigris Euphrates
- Mesopotamia or land b/w two rivers aka Fertile
Crescent - Join to form Shatt al Arab
- Border of Iraq
- Iran
- Wars treaties
- over it
22Rivers
Wadi in Oman
- Wadis- dry streambeds that will fill with heavy
rain ? flash floods (seasonal) - Since they are typically arid, creates mud
quickly? dangerous mud flows
23Wadis Instant Springs
24Plains, Plateaus, Mtns.
- Since most is desert/steppe? agricultural base
coastal areas of Med. Sea, Caspian Sea, Persian
Gulf - Atlas Mtns
- Longest mtn
- range
- Stretches from
- Morocco to Algeria
- Northern side of Atlas allows for lots of agric.
(farms, fishing, livestock) - Rainy side, Med. climate
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26Plains, Plateaus, Mtns.
- Hejaz Asir
- West coast of Arabian Pen.
- Rainshadow effect to Central Plateau
- Caucasus Mtns
- b/w Black Caspian Sea
- Seen as border b/w
- European Russia
- Asia
27Mountain Ranges in Mid-East
Elburz Mts., Iran
Zagros Mts., Iran
Lebanese Mts.
Taurus Mts., Turkey
28Plains, Plateaus, Mtns.
- Garagum (Karakum)-
- Black sand desert, covers 70 of Turkmenistan
- Qizilqum (Kyzyl Kum)-
- Red sand desert in Uzbekistan Kazakhstan
Use wide spaces for livestock
29Hejaz
Rub al Khali
Asir
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31Desert Bedouins
32Swarms of Desert Locusts!
Israel Hit By Worst Locust Plague Since the 1950s!
Locusts Swarm the Pyramids Complex at Giza!
33Fresh Groundwater Sources
34DesalinizationPlants
35Tectonic Activity
- Meeting point of the African, Arabian, Eurasian
plates - Reason for mountainous terrain
- Many earthquakes
- Turkey 1999
- Iran has 90 of land on faults
- Landforms still ?ing
- Red Sea
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37Natural Resources
- Oil (petroleum) nat. gas are regions most
abundant resources - 70 of worlds oil
- 33 of worlds nat. gas
- Reserves are still being discovered!
- WWII sparked production as we moved to modern
industry/reliance
38The Natural Resources of theMiddle East
39World Oil Reserves
40Persian Gulf Oil Exports (2003)
41Saudi Oil Fields Refineries
42Kuwait An Island Floating on a Sea of Oil
KuwaitCity
43Leading U. S. Oil Suppliers
The U. S. imports 30 of its oil needs from the
Middle East.
44Natural Resources
- Why might such heavy dependence on oil be risky?
- Many countries are now diversifying
- UAE ? banking, info. tech, tourism
- Libya ? infrastructure, fisheries
Completed Dubai Tower, Monday night
45Homework
- Complete the Guided Reading for Ch. 17 Sec. 2