4.7 Principles of Controlling Flooding

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4.7 Principles of Controlling Flooding
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Lesson Topics

• Damage Control Book
• Flooding Effects / Liquid Loading Diagrams
• Weight / Moment Compensation
• Case Studies
• Stability Report
• Procedures to Control Flooding

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894
9
5-292-2-W
5-276-0-F
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8
9
5-308-1-W
5-292-3-W
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84
(GREEN) - FLOODING OF GREEN SPACES WILL IMPROVE
STABILITY, EVEN THOUGH FREE SURFACE EXISTS.
CAPACITY-TONS SW
(YELLOW) - FLOODING OF YELLOW SPACES WILL IMPROVE
STABILITY IF NO FREE SURFACE EXISTS. IF SPACE IS
NOT 100 FULL STABILITY WILL BE IMPAIRED.
COMPARTMENT NUMBER
(PINK) - FLOODING OF PINK SPACES WILL DECREASE
STABILITY BECAUSE OF ADDED HIGH WEIGHT, FREE
SURFACE EFFECT OR BOTH.
INCLINING MOMENTS FT-T
(WHITE) - FLOODING OF WHITE SPACES HAS NO
APPPRECIABLE EFFECT ON STABILITY.
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0.5
9
0.4
8
5-292-2-W
5-308-2-W
0
1
1
0
0.5
8
0.4
9
5-308-1-W
5-292-3-W
1
0
1
0
CLEAN BALLAST
CAPACITY-TONS
LIST
POTABLE WATER
COMPARTMENT NUMBER
JP-5
CHANGE IN DRAFTFWD - INCHES
CHANGE IN DRAFTAFT - INCHES
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Intact Stability with Ice

• Conditions Conducive to Icing
• Ship Ballasting Plan for Topside Icing
• Outboard Profile View showing ice accumulations

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WEIGHT AND MOMENT COMPENSATION PROGRAM
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Stability Status of In-Service Ships
Status 1 - No Weight or KG Problems Status 2 -
Cannot Accept either Weight or KG Growth Status
3 - Cannot Accept KG Growth Status 4 - Cannot
Accept Weight Growth
MHC 51 (4)
AOE 1 AOE 6 AS 39 LHD 5 LSD 36 DDG 51
LSD 49 MHC 51 (8)

CG 47 CV 63 CVN 65 CV 67 CVN 68 (8)
LHA 1 FFG 7 LPD 7 LPD 4 LST 1179 LPD 14
MCM 1 LSD 41 MCS 12
Updated Semi-Annually
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Limitations to Ships Design Criteria

• In order to maintain a satisfactory condition
  with regard to stability and reserve buoyancy,
  the following guidelines must be adhered to
• Limiting Draft Marks not Submerged Prior to
  Damage
• No Abnormal Topside Weights
• Liquid Loading Instructions are Followed
• Watertight Integrity is Maintained

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Liquid Loading Lessons AO-177 Class Oiler
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Liquid Loading Lessons AO-177 Class Oiler

• Standard Unwritten "Tradition" of trimming 48
  feet bowdown prior to UNREP
• During UNREP ballasted bowdown by eight feet.
• During SAR ops, fwd weather deck was continuously
  covered with two feet of water

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Liquid Loading Lessons AO-177 Class Oiler

• During SAR ops Draft fwd gt38 feet Draft aft
  30 feet
• DC Book States 1. "Trim gt one foot by the bow
  may decrease Stability." 2. "Limiting draft of
  35 feet shall not be exceeded at bow or stern."

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Liquid Loading Lessons AO-177 Class Oiler

• Ship's Policy No formal trim reports to CO after
  ballasting or deballasting
• Ship not retrimmed until 10 hours after UNREP
  secured

DAMAGE 200K when main deck caved in due to
weight of topside water
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Liquid Loading Lessons AOR-1 Class
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Liquid Loading Lessons AOR-1 Class

• Ammunition download and refueling of CV
• Ballasting of AOR1 not conducted soon enough
  excessive rolling
• Drafts after download / refueling Fwd 22
  ft Mid 26 ft Aft 34 ft

AP
MP
FP
26'
34'
22'
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Liquid Loading Lessons AOR-1 Class

• Ship's hull in severe hogging and trim condition
• DC Book permits "...no more than 3.7 ft
  difference between the bow and stern."
• Ship's policy was not to ballast cargo tanks
  unless a "serious" (undefined) condition existed.

DAMAGE 600K of ordnance lost over the side
because of excessive rolling.
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Liquid Loading Lessons AD-41

• Destroyer Tender completing ROH scheduled to
  conduct sea trials
• Full speed / full rudder turn required to test
  steering gear
• Anticipated return to shipyard following sea
  trials

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Liquid Loading Lessons AD-41

• LIQUID LOAD Diesel Fuel 23 Potable
  Water 86 Feed Water 98
• DRAFTS Fwd 15' 3" Aft 23' 2"
  Trim 7' 11" by stern

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Liquid Loading Lessons AD-41

• DISPLACEMENT Lightship 13,400 LT At
  incident 16,300 LT Min OP Cond 18,400 LT

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Liquid Loading Lessons AD-41

• Ship speed 20 KTS
• Wind NW 3035 KTS, Gusts to 40 KTS
• Waves 36 FT
• Anticipated heel lt 20 degrees at full rudder

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Liquid Loading Lessons AD-41

• OOD requested permission to notify crew of
  impending rolls
• CO "Let's see what shakes loose."
• Heeled 15 - 20 degrees, paused then rolled to 30
  -35 degrees
• Righted slowly to 5 - 8 degree list

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Liquid Loading Lessons AD-41

• Personnel injuries 4 MEDEVAC
• Cabinets and Safes
• Medical tables
• Weights/ compressed air cylinders
• Piping systems

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Lesson Topics

• Damage Control Book
• Flooding Effects / Liquid Loading Diagrams
• Weight / Moment Compensation
• Case Studies
• Stability Report
• Procedures to Control Flooding

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Prior to damage, sit down with CO and discuss

• Ships danger angle
• Floodable Length
• Negative GM
• Dynamic Stability
• (Iron out what information CO wants after damage)

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Lesson Topics

• Damage Control Book
• Flooding Effects / Liquid Loading Diagrams
• Weight / Moment Compensation
• Case Studies
• Stability Report
• Procedures to Control Flooding

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Step 1 Set Flooding Boundaries!!
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128
100
3-128-2-L
3-100-2-L
3-128-0-L
3-100-2
3-140-0
3-118-2
3-100-0-A
3-100-1
3-100-1-L
3-128-1
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P
P
S
140
128
100
3-128-2-L
3-100-2-L
3-128-0-L
3-100-2
3-140-0
3-118-2
3-100-0-A
3-100-1
3-100-1-L
3-128-1
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P
P
140
128
100
3-128-2-L
3-100-2-L
3-128-0-L
3-100-2
3-140-0
3-118-2
3-100-0-A
3-100-1
3-100-1-L
3-128-1
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P
P
S
140
128
100
3-128-2-L
3-100-2-L
3-128-0-L
3-100-2
3-140-0
3-118-2
3-100-0-A
3-100-1
3-100-1-L
3-128-1
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FL
FLB
E
3 FT
P
P
S
140
128
100
3-128-2-L
3-100-2-L
3-128-0-L
3-100-2
3-140-0
3-118-2
3-100-0-A
3-100-1
3-100-1-L
3-128-1
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FL
FLB
E
3 FT
P
P
S
140
128
100
3-128-2-L
3-100-2-L
3-128-0-L
3-100-2
3-140-0
3-118-2
3-100-0-A
3-100-1
3-100-1-L
3-128-1
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Flooding Effects Diagram
140
128
100
274
420
3-100-0-A 3-100-1-L 3-100-2-L
3-128-0-L 3-128-2-L
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Determine Rate of Flooding
Use Table 15, 079 vol 2, page 186
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Knowing the rate of flooding is helpful in two
ways
1. Determine time before the space is
flooded solid.
2. Determine if ships dewatering
capabilities can keep up with the flooding.
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Ship Dewatering Capacity, Section II(c)