After today, you will be able to

1
After today, you will be able to

• Write structural formulas and dot formulas for
  covalently bonded molecules
• Identify shared and unshared electrons
• Explain the difference between single, double,
  and triple bonds - and write them using
  structural formulas/dot formulas

2
Unit 4 Chemical Bonding
Day 3 - Notes
Covalent Bonding Basics
3
Covalent Bonding

• A sharing of electrons.
• A single covalent bond is made up of two
  electrons
• One electron is donated to the bond from each
  atom
• Covalent bonding occurs between nonmetals only
• Atoms that are covalently bonded are called
  molecules or molecular compounds.

4
Properties of Molecular Compounds

• Covalent bonds are much weaker than ionic bonds
• Much lower melting and boiling points
• Is a solid, liquid, or gas at room temperature
• Non-conductors in any state

5
Properties of Molecular Compounds

• The chemical formula for a covalently bonded
  group of atoms is called a molecular formula.
• Indicates the exact makeup of one molecule.
• Example C6H12O6

6
H Group 14 Group 15 Group 16 Group 17
of valence electrons
of electrons short
of bonds made
4
1
5
6
7
1
4
3
2
1
1
4
3
2
1
7
Example Write the dot and structural formula
for H2
H
H
Rough Copy (Work)
Dot Formula
Lewis Structural Formula
8
Example Write the dot and structural formula
for O2
Rough Copy (Work)
Dot Formula
Lewis Structural Formula
9
Example Write the dot and structural formula
for N2
Rough Copy (Work)
Dot Formula
Lewis Structural Formula
10
Example Write the dot and structural formula
for H2O
Rough Copy (Work)
Helpful tip Put the atom in the middle that
wants to make the most bonds!
Dot Formula
Lewis Structural Formula
11
Example Write the dot and structural formula
for ONF
Rough Copy (Work)
Dot Formula
Lewis Structural Formula