PREGNANCY%20COMPLICATIONS

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THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

• PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS

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PEOPLE

• Everyone has a photographic memory, its just
  that some people dont have film.

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PREGNANCY

• DYSTOCIA Difficult birth or the inability to
  expel the fetus through the birth canal without
  assistance
• Causes
• Abnormal fetal position or size
• Uterine inertia
• Narrowed birth canal
• Diagnosis
• Digital palpation of vagina
• Radiographs
• ultrasound

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PREGNANCY DYSTOCIA

• TREATMENT
• Manual manipulation a fetus lodged in the
  vaginal canal can be manually dislodged.
• For uterine inertia oxytocin injections result
  in contraction of the uterine muscles also,
  calcium preparations can be given
• C-section

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PREGNANCY INAPPROPRIATE MATERNAL BEHAVIOR

• DAM SHOULD
• Allow nursing
• Grooming
• Stimulate CV,RS function
• Stimulates elimination and removal of waste
  material
• retrieving
• Protecting
• DAM SHOULD NOT
• Attack, kill, or cannibalize her young
• Be overly protective, restless, or aggressive

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PREGNANCY LACTATION DISORDERS

• Agalactia lack of milk production
• Causes include
• Stress, malnutrition, premature partuition, or
  infection
• Galactostasis milk stasis, which can result in
  mastitis
• Mastitis a septic inflammation of the mammary
  gland
• Clinical signs
• Pain, discolored milk, fever, reluctance to allow
  nursing, abscessed glands

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PREGNANCY LACTATION DISORDERS

• Treatment for mastitis
• Antibiotics
• Warm compresses
• Do not allow nursing from affected glands

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OTHER REPRODUCTIVE DISORDERS

• PYOMETRA Literally pus in the uterus
• High levels of progesterone cause several changes
  in the uterus
• hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the endometrial
  glands of the uterus
• Decreased myometrial contractions
• Predisoposes the uterus to bacterial infection
• Most common bacteria isolated is E.coli

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PYOMETRA

• CLINICAL SIGNS
• Vulvar discharge
• Vomiting
• Dehydration
• PU/PD
• Azotemia
• DIAGNOSIS
• Radiology
• Ultrasound
• Bloodwork
• Ieukocytosis, neutrophilia with a left shift
  (closed pyometra)

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PYOMETRA
This is a potentially life-threatening condition
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PYOMETRA
An open pyometra is when the Cervix is open and
allows drainage Of the pus
Preferred treatment is ovariohysterectomy As well
as antibiotics and fluid therapy
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PYOMETRA IN A RAT
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VAGINITIS

• Definition an inflammatory process, not
  necessarily infectious.
• Prepuberal bitch (aka puppy vaginitis)
• VS.
• Adult vaginitis

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VAGINITIS

• PUPPY VAGINITIS
• Causes
• Inverted vulva
• Hormonal fluctuations
• Clinical signs
• Purulent vulvar discharge
• /- licking the vulva
• Treatments
• systemic antibiotics
• topical douching
• Signs will return when treatment is discontinued
• Condition resolves naturally after the first heat
  cycle

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VAGINITIS
Inverted vulva
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VAGINITIS

• ADULT VAGINITIS
• Causes
• Anatomical abnormalities
• Canine herpesvirus
• Clinical signs
• purulent vulvar discharge
• /- licking the vulva
• peri-vulvar skin irritation or infection
• Perceived urinary incontinence

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VAGINAL HYPERPLASIA/PROLAPSE

• Hyperplasia/prolapse
• Occurs under the influence of estrogen
• Results in edematous vaginal tissue that
  protrudes from the vulva
• Treatment
• Ovariohysterectomy resolves the condition
  permanently and is the tx of choice
• Will usually resolve spontaneously but will recur
  with subsequent estrous cycles

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VAGINAL HYPERPLASIA/PROLAPSE
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MAMMARY TUMORS

• Usually tumors of older intact females
• 50 of all tumors in female dogs
• 3rd most common tumor in cats
• Risk dramatically reduces with ovariohysterectomy
  (lt1 if spayed before 1st heat)
• 50 of canine tumors are benign
• Only 10-20 of feline tumors are benign

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MAMMARY TUMORS
Malignant tumors are usually fast
growing, Invasive and ulcerated. Benign tumors
are Often small and feel like a pea.
Surgical removal is advised for all Mammary
tumors. Biopsy is required To differentiate
benign from malignant tumors
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OVARIOHYSTERECTOMY

• Surgical removal of the ovaries and uterus

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PEOPLE

• I love long walks, especially when theyre taken
  by someone who annoys me.

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PROSTATIC DISEASES

• PROSTATE Sex gland in the dog and cat
• Located just caudal to the bladder, encircling
  the proximal urethra at the neck of the bladder
• Purpose is to produce a fluid as transport and
  support medium for sperm during ejaculation

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PROSTATIC DISEASE
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BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA

• Caused by altered androgen/estrogen ratio
• Mild or no clinical signs
• Tenesmus
• Enlarged prostate but not painful
• TX
• Castration results in a 70 decrease in size
  within 14 days

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BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA
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PROSTATITIS

• Bacterial prostatitis may be acute or chronic and
  it affects sexually mature dogs
• Clinical signs
• Lethargy
• Anorexia
• Diagnosis
• Urinalysis hematuria, increased white blood
  cells, presence of bacteria
• Treatment
• Antibiotics
• Castration
• Prostatitis can lead to abscessation

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NEOPLASIA of the male genital tract

• Prostatic neoplasia is uncommon, but all
  prostatic neoplasms are malignant
• Transmissible venereal tumor (TVT)
• Occurs only in the canine
• Spreads during sexual contact
• Tumors found on the penis, prepuce, and scrotum
• Cauliflower-like
• Treatment
• Chemotherapy
• Surgical removal of small localized masses

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TVT
These tumors are friable and bleed easily
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CRYPTORCHIDISM

• One or both testicles have been retained in the
  abdomen or inguinal canal
• Often the retained testicle is still functional
• Dog can still produce testoterone, show sexual
  desire and breed
• A testicular tumor known as sertoli cell tumor is
  more common in retained testicles
• These animal should not be bred

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CRYPTORCHIDISM
Two normal testicles
Unilateral cryptorchid
Treatment is castration testicle Should be
removed from the Abdomen or pushed down from The
inguinal canal
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CASTRATION
http//www.lbah.com/canine/dog_neuter.html
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References

• Alleice Summers, Common Diseases of Companion
  Animals
• http//www.vet.uga.edu/vpp/clerk/Beimborn/index.ph
  p
• http//veterinarycalendar.dvm360.com/avhc/article/
  articleDetail.jsp?id727396pageID1skdate
• http//www.vetmed.lsu.edu/eiltslotus/Theriogenolog
  y-5361/the_normal_canine.htm

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References

• http//extension.missouri.edu/p/G9923