Cells

1
Cells
2
Cells

• Definition A membrane covered structure that
  contains all of the materials necessary for life.
  
• Examples Bone cell, blood cell, skin cell

3
Tissues

• Definition A group of cells that work together
  to perform a specific job in the body
• Examples Blood, fat, muscle

4
Organ

• Definition a group of tissues that work
  together.
• Examples Heart, lungs, skin
• Skin is the largest organ!

5
Organ System

• Definition a group of organs that work together
• Examples digestive system, respiratory system,
  excretory system

6

• Think about it.
• Cells are related to tissues in the same way that
  organs are related to organ systems.

7
Organism

• Definition Anything that can live on its own
• Examples Lions, Tigers, and Bears

8
Two Types of Cells

• Prokaryotic Cell
• Does NOT have a nucleus or any other
  membrane covered organelles, example bacteria.
• Eukaryotic Cell
• Describes a cell that DOES have nucleus.
  Multi-cellular organisms have eukaryotic cells.

9

• Unicellular Organism
• single celled organism
• Multicellular Organism
• more then one celled organism
• How do the cells of unicellular organisms differ
  from the cells of multicellular organisms?
• The cells of unicellular organisms can survive on
  their own, but the cells of multi-cellular
  organisms must remain a part of an organisms body
  to survive.

10
(No Transcript)
11
THE DISCOVERY OF CELLS
12

• 1. Robert Hooke saw the first cork cell using a
  compound microscope.

13

• 2. What are the three parts of the Cell Theory?
• All organisms are composed of one or more cells
• The cell is the basic unit of life in all living
  things
• All cells come from existing cells

14

• 3. All cells have
• Cell membrane
• DNA
• Cytoplasm
• 4. Advantages to being multicellular
• Grow larger
• Have cells that are specialized for different
  tasks

15

• 5. What are organelles?
• Structures within a cell that enables the cell to
  live, grow, and reproduce.
• 6. What is the cytoplasm?
• Fluid within a cell

16

• 7. What is the function of the cell membrane?
• Acts as a barrier between the inside of the cell
  and its environment.
• 8. What is DNA?
• Hereditary material

17

• 9. Why do all cells need DNA?
• DNA controls all of the activities of a cell and
  contains the information needed to make new
  cells.
• 10. What organelle is DNA enclosed inside of?
• The nucleus

18
11. How are eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic
cells different?

• Eukaryotic
• -has a nucleus
• -membrane-bound organelles
• -all other cells!

• Prokaryotic
• -NO nucleus
• -NO membrane-bound organelles
• -Bacteria is an example

19
Cell Parts and Their Function

• Cell Wall
• Function Provides strength and support
• Found ONLY in Plant Cells

20

• Cell Membrane
• Controls what enters and leaves a cell
• Found in both plant and animal cells
• Nucleus
• Controls cell activities
• Found in both plant and animal cells
• Nuclear Membrane
• Controls what enters and leaves a nucleus
• Found in both plant and animal cells

21

• Chromosomes
• Carry the information used to run the cell pass
  on traits to new cells
• Found in both plant and animal cells

22

• Nucleolus
• Makes ribosomes
• Found in both plant and animal cells

23

• Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Makes lipids transports proteins and other
  materials through the cell
• Found in both plant and animal cells
• Ribosome
• Makes protein
• Found in both plant and animal cells

24

• Mitochondria
• Supply the cell with energy. Cellular
  respiration occurs here.
• Found in both plant and animal cells

25

• Vacuoles
• Stores food, water, and waste
• Found in both plant and animal cells

26

• Lysosomes
• Contain enzymes that digest food
• Animal Cells ONLY

27

• Chloroplasts
• Contain the chlorophyll needed to carry on
  photosynthesis (produce food)
• Plant Cells ONLY

28

• Cytoplasm
• Liquid portion of the cell containing all the
  organelles
• Found in both plant and animal cells

29

• Golgi Complex
• Processes and transports materials out of the
  cell
• Found in both plant and animal cells

30
ANIMAL
Nucleolus
Chromosomes
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Vacuole
Nuclear membrane
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi complex
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Lysosome
31
PLANT
Nucleolus
Nuclear Membrane
Mitochondria
Nucleus
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Chromosomes
Cell Wall
Golgi Complex
Ribosomes
Chloroplast
Vacuole
32
Movement of Particles Into and Out of the Cell
33

• DIFFUSION is the movement of particles from an
  area of high concentration (crowded) to an area
  of low concentration (less crowded)
• Occurs with and between cells
• Do NOT need energy (ATP)

34
In the body
35
Osmosis

• Diffusion of water through the semi-permeable
  cell membrane.
• Semi-permeable-only certain substances can pass
  through
• NO energy required
• Can also occur in plant cells

36
Small Particle Movement

• PASSIVE TRANSPORT - movement across the cell
  membrane without the use of energy
• movement is from an area of high to low
  concentration
• Does NOT require energy
• Osmosis is an example

37
PASSIVE TRANSPORT
38

• ACTIVE TRANSPORT - usually movement of particles
  from an area of low to high concentration
• requires energy!

39
Large Particle Movement

• Endocytosis-bringing particles within the cell
• Exocytosis- releasing particles (exit)