Arms Control

1
Arms Control Disarmament
2

• AC D two different concepts
• AC refers to curbs on acquiring new
• Weapons or reduction in some existing
• weapon types
• Disarmament refers to quantitative
• reduction in total number of existing
• Weapons i.e. elimination of specific armaments
  or GCD

3

• UN Charter itself undermines GCD
• System of Collective Security Mly Staff Comm etc
  as well as legitimisation of Collective Defence
• War not made illegal in system.

4

• AC seems to have two purposes
• One For developed states AC has evolved
• primarily in terms of economic efficiency and
• cost effectiveness
• Two For developing states AC has been
• Imposed as a means of technology control
• rather than a means to reduce overall level of
• arms

5

• Nowhere is this more prevalent than in the
• nuclear weapons field.
• Nuclear weapons issue area also has
• recognised a duality that has to be
• considered nuclear weapons vs peaceful uses
• of nuclear energy.
• From Baruch Plan to creation of IAEA to
• NPT, this duality recognised.

6

• Irish Resolution and the Non Proliferation Treaty
• The creation of distinction between horizontal
  and vertical proliferation
• Can identify 2 tracks relating to Nuclear AC
• One US-centric discriminatory approach
• premised on distinction between horizontal
• vertical non proliferation

7

• Two A universal, non-discriminatory approach
  towards non proliferation which seeks to slow
  down proliferation at the global level.
• Major instrumentalities of the US-centric
  discriminatory approach
• Partial Test Ban Treaty (PTBT) 1963
• NPT

8

• The Supplier Cartels
• London Suppliers Club to Nuclear Suppliers
  Group - NSG
• Missile Technology Control Regime MTCR
• Australia Group
• The Wassenaar Arrangement

9

• Major Instrumentalities of universal
  non-discriminatory approach
• Nuclear Weapon Free Zones
• Tlatelolco Treaty Rarotonga Treaty Bangkok
  Treaty Pelindaba Treaty
• Committee on Assurances of Supply
• Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty - CTBT

10

• The Fissile Material issue FMT vs FMCT
• Shift in Non proliferation focus post-9/11
• From non proliferation per se to nuclear
  programmes fo specific countries.
• Indo-US nuclear deal 2005 - the 123 Agreement
  passed by US Congress

11

• Indias Nuclear Doctrine
• Premised on a triad of forces
• Second strike capability
• Development of ICBMs
• Development of space-based
• systems
• Missile Defence acquisition
• Retraction of NFU

12
What it means- In military terms - Expansive
reach across Asia - Naval reach threatens
entire Indian Ocean region - Missile Defence
will start nuclear missile race in region -
No commitment to reduce conventional forces
13

• In political terms
• Indian nuclear intent
• Push for great power status
• Negates measures for nuclear restraint in
  Pak-India Feb 1999 nuclear MOU
• Makes it difficult for Pakistan to sustain
  nuclear restraint

14

• Pakistan ACD
• FMT not FMCT
• CTBT Supported in principle
• Other initiatives Pre-1998
• NWFZ mutual renunciation of nuclear capability
  the 5, 52, 522 proposals Zero-Missile regime

15

• Pakistan ratified the International Convention
  on Nuclear Safety in Sept. 1997

16

• Post-May 1998
• Unilateral moratorium on testing offer of
  regional test ban treaty to India
• Nuclear restraint regime as well as nuclear risk
  reduction proposal for non-induction of ABM
  SLBM systems

17

• Ensuring non-proliferation norms
  post-nuclearisation
• Pakistan created its Nuclear Regulatory
  Authority for civilian nuclear matters in 2001
• In September 2004, Pakistans Parliament passed
  a bill on tightening controls on nuclear
  materials, equipment and technology as well as
  biological weapons by imposing a ban on their
  unauthorised transfer outside Pakistan.

18
NATIONAL COMMAND AUTHORITY (NCA)
Chairman Prime Minister
Secretariat SPD
Development Control Committee
Employment Control Committee
Deputy Chairman - CJCSC

• Deputy Chairman - Foreign Minister
• Members
• Minister for Defence
• Minister for Interior
• Minister for Finance
• Chairman JCSC
• Services Chiefs
• Secretary, Director General
• Strategic Plans Division
• By Invitation. Others as required

• Members
• Services Chiefs
• Heads of concerned strategic
  organizations i.e Scientists
• Secretary, Director General
• Strategic Plans Division
• Services Strategic Forces
• (Operational Control - NCA)

Army
Navy
Air Force
(Technical, Training, Administrative Control)
19

• Future Course
• Has to be through mutual agreement recognition
  of a move away from a zero sum situation
• Establishment of a strategic stability
• regime
• Nuclear risk reduction
• Balance in terms of missile
• deployments numbers
• Conventional force reductions