Kamal singh

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Human resources and economic Development

• Kamal singh
• Lecturer in Economics
• GCCBA-42 ,Chandigarh
• Emailkamalsingh84_at_gmail.com

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• Meaning of Human Resources
• Theory of Demographic Transition
• Impact of Population on Economic Development
• Impact of economic Development on Population

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Human Resources

• Human resources is a term used to describe the
  individuals who make up the workforce of an
  organization.
• Human Resource development includes training an in
  dividual after he/she is first hired, providing op
  portunities to learn new skills,
  distributing resources that are beneficial for
  the employee's tasks, and any other
  developmental activities.

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Theory of Demographic Transition

• The demographic transition (DT) is a model used
  to represent the transition from high birth and
  death rates to low birth and death rates as a
  country develops from a pre-industrial to an
  industrialized economic system. The theory is
  based on an interpretation of demographic history
  developed in 1929 by the American demographer
  Warren Thompson (18871973).

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• The transition involves four stages, or possibly
  five
• In stage one, pre-industrial society death rates
  and birth rates are high and roughly in balance.
• In stage two, that of a developing country the
  death rates drop rapidly due to improvements in
  food supply and sanitation, which increase life
  spans and reduce disease. These changes usually
  come about due to improvements in farming
  techniques, access to technology, basic
  healthcare, and education. Without a
  corresponding fall in birth rates this produces
  an imbalance, and the countries in this stage
  experience a large increase in population.

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• In stage three, birth rates fall due to access to
  contraception increases in wages, urbanization, a
  reduction in subsistence agriculture, an increase
  in the status and education of women, a reduction
  in the value of children's work, an increase in
  parental investment in the education of children
  and other social changes.
• During stage four there are both low birth rates
  and low death rates.

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Positive impact of Human resources on Economic
Development

• Increase in Production
• Increase in Labour supply
• Increase in Demand
• Increase in labour Productivity

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Negative impact

• Low per capita income
• Low National Income
• Reduces the rate of capital formation
• Food problem
• Unemployment

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Causes of High Fertility Malthusian Population
Trap
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Malthusian population model

• Population tends to grow at a geometric rate,
  doubling every 30 to 40 years
• Food supplies only expand at an arithmetic rate
  due to diminishing returns to land (fixed factor)
  
• Malthusian population trap countries would be
  trapped in low per-capita incomes (per capita
  food), and population would stabilize at a
  subsistence level
• 1. preventive checks 2. positive checks

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• Housing Problem
• Poor Quality of HR
• Poverty
• Imbalanced Development
• Adverse Impact on Environment

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Impact of Economic development on Population

• Increase in Living Standard of population
• Increase in Number of working women
• Nuclear families
• Busyness and Long working hours
• Increase in awarness