INTERIOR OF EARTH

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INTERIOR OF EARTH
FORCES
EXOGENIC
ENDOGENIC
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EVIDENCES OF EARTH INTERIOR
INDIRECT SOURCES
DIRECT SOURCES

• Temperature
• Pressure
• Density
• Study of Meteors
• Gravity Anomaly
• Magnetic Survey
• Seismic Activity

• Deep Ocean drilling Project
• Integrated Ocean Drilling Project
• Volcanic Eruption

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EARTHQUAKES

• Shaking of Earth due to some internal or external
  disturbance.

Epicentre
Focus
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EARTHQUAKE WAVES
Surface waves
Body waves
L waves
S waves
P waves
P-wave like sound wave, travel through all
medium, propagate in the direction of wage,
increase density of rock S-wave Secondary wave,
Cannot travel through liquid, propagate
perpendicular to direction of wave L-wave
Surface wave, Cause of destruction on earth
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SHADOW ZONE
1030
1030
S-Wave Shadow Zone
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SHADOW ZONE
1420
1420
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TYPES OF EARTHQUAKES
Tectonic
Mining
Volcanic
Explosion
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• Tectonic Earthquakes generates due to sliding of
  rocks along fault plane.
• Volcanic earthquakes originates due to volcanic
  explosion.
• Mining earthquakes originates due to collapse of
  roofs of underground mines.
• Explosion earthquakes originate due to chemical
  and nuclear explosion.
• Reservoir add pressure of water in a region which
  give rise to imbalance of earth surface and cause
  earthquakes.

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EFFECTS OF EARTHQUAKES

• Ground Shaking
• Differential ground settlement
• Land and mud Slides
• Soil Liquefaction
• Ground Lurching
• Avalanches

• Ground Displacement
• Floods from dam and levee failures
• Fires
• Structural Collapse
• Falling Objects
• Tsunami

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STRUCTURE OF EARTH
Asthenosphere
Mantle, 3.4g/m
2900KM
Crust 30 to 70Km, 3g/m
Core/ Nife
5100KM
Moho discontinuity
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• Crust It is the top most layer of earth surface.
• It extends upto 30km over continental crust and
  5km in oceanic crust.
• Its average density is 3g/com3
• Mantle extends from MOhos discontinuity to a
  depth of 2900km
• Upper mantle is known as Asthenosphere from where
  volcano originates.
• Its density is 3.4g/cm3
• Core extends from 2900km to 6370km.
• It is also known as nife.
• Its density ranges from 5- 13 g/cm3
• It is divided into inner core and outer core.
• Inner core is in solid for where as outer is in
  liquid.

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VOLCANOES

• Shield Volcanoes
• Composite Volcanoes
• Caldera
• Flood Basalt Province
• Mid-Oceanic Ridge Volcanoes

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• Shield Volcanoes are the largest of all volcanoes
  where fluid comes out with low explosion. Ex.
  Howaiian
• Composite Volcanos are characterized by eruption
  of cooler and viscus lavas which accumulate in
  the vicinity.
• Caldera volcanoes are most explosive where the
  mouth of volcano collapse and form a large
  depression.
• Flood Basalt Province are outpouring of highly
  fluid lava which flows to a long distance. E.g.
  Deccan Trap
• Mid-Oceanic Ridge volcanoes occur in the oceanic
  areas where central ridge experiences frequent
  eruptions. Ex. Mid-Atlantic ridges.

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Volcanic Landforms
Intrusive Landforms (Plutonic rocks)
Extrusive Landforms

• Batholiths Large dome, Deeper depth,
• Lacoliths Large dome shaped, pipe-like conduct,
  resemble like composite volcano
• Lapolith Horizontal, saucershape, concave to sky
• Phacolith Wavy mass, definite conduit
• Sills Horizontal, thick
• DykesVertical, western Maharastra