After Philip II Died

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After Philip II Died

• But first there is a wee test on the information
  about Phillips murder.

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Follow Up Questions

• Who was Pausanias of Orestis?
• Who was Olympias jealous of and why?
• Why did Attalus ask people to pray for a
  legitimate heir?
• What year was Philip Murdered?
• Give two events that might indicate Alexanders
  involvement?
• Who did Alexander blame for the murder of Philip?

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Events after the death of Philip
IIAlexanders Rise to Power
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Alexanders Accession

• Alexander was 20 years old when he ascended to
  the throne
• Alexander had an easy accession to the throne
• Had support of Antipater and Parmenio
• He was obvious choice to succeed Philip
• To secure his position as King, he put to death
  anyone who threatened his right to inherit throne
• Put to death his cousin, Amyntas
• Put to death Attalus
• Attalus appeared to be conspiring against
  Alexander
• Promised Macedonian nobles that he would follow
  the principles of his fathers administration
• Announced that Macedonian people exempt from
  taxation
• Secured himself as leader of the Corinthian League

Philips tomb
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The Corinthian League

• During Philips rule he had extended Macedonian
  control over most of Greece
• He established the League of Corinth were all
  Greek states were compelled to join submitting
  themselves to the military leadership of Philip.
• Philip had the title of Hegemon (military leader)
  which gave him authority over foreign policy
• All members of the league had to swear an oath of
  allegiance to Philip and the league.
• Each state elected its own representative.
• The league had judicial powers to try and punish
  offenders.
• Aims of the league
• To punish Persia for invading Greece in
• 490 and 480 BC
• Secure peace among the Greek States

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Alexanders Accession

• As soon as the Greek states of Athens, Thebes,
  Aetolia and Sparta heard of Philips death they
  rebelled against Macedonia
• The Greek states saw this as an opportunity to
  break free of Macedonian rule
• Alexander began marching up and down Greece
  putting down the rebellions in North and South

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Southern States Rebellion

• Alexander started with the rebellions in the
  South (Thessaly, Thebes, Athens, Sparta, Aetolia)
• Alexander moved with such speed on southern
  tribes they had no time to act and were forced to
  submit to his rule.
• Thessaly To get to the Greek states in the
  South, Alexander had to go through Thessaly.
  Thessaly was waiting to do battle but Alexander
  wanted to avoid a confrontation, so he bypassed
  the Thessaly army who were waiting at the Vale of
  Tempa by cutting a path over Mt Ossa. When
  Thessaly saw him marching into their city they
  surrended and welcomed him, acknowledging him as
  Archon (political leader).
• Athens Sent out an embassy to welcome him
  apologising for not recognising him as their
  Hegemon earlier.
• Most other Southern states gave up immediately to
  avoid confrontation with Alexander and his army.

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Northern Tribes Rebellion 335BC

• After Alexander had stopped rebellions of the
  Southern states, he received news that the
  Northern tribes were rebelling. (Thrace, Illyria,
  Danube)
• He marched North and attacked many barbarian
  tribes, suppressing the rebellions
• Alexander fought some significant battles with
  the Northern tribes that demonstrated Alexanders
  ability as a general.
• Battle with Thrace The Thracian army had their
  wagons lined up at the top of a steep pass
  intending to push the wagons off the pass to
  crush Alexander and his army below. Alexander
  ordered his Army to lie down with their shields
  linked on top of them so that the wagons would
  roll straight over them without harming anyone.
  The plan worked perfectly and then Alexanders
  army charged on the Thracians defeating them.
• Alexander secured the North and conducted peace
  treaties with many of the tribes.

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Second rebellion of the Greek States (Spring 335
BC)

• While fighting in the north, the new king of
  Persia, Darius III sent agents to Greece with
  gold to encourage Greeks to rebel against
  Macedonia.
• Started rumor that Alexander had been killed
• Alexander had to travel south yet again to
  suppress rebellions.
• Theban Rebellion
• Thebes decided it was a good time to rise against
  Macedonia.
• Athens promised to support Thebes in rebellion
• Athens and Sparta had excepted gold from Persians
• Thebes invited political exiles back and the
  Theban assembly voted to throw off the
  Macedonian yoke.
• Alexander quickly marched to Thebes and camped
  outside. He offered amnesty for Thebes if they
  handed over the two rebel political leaders who
  started the revolt.
• Thebes refused and invited anyone to join them
  and the King of Persia in freeing Greece from
  the Tyrants.
• Alexander attacked and overthrew Thebes.
• 6000 Thebans were killed.

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Punishment of Thebes

• Alexander treated the rebellion as a breach of
  the peace of the League of Corinth
• He asked the council to decide on a punishment
• Their decision was to raze (destroy) Thebes,
  divide up its territory and sell all Theban
  survivors as slaves (30.000 people in total)
• Alexander knew that the league would deal with
  Thebes severely.
• Alexander used Thebes to teach other Greek states
  a lesson
• One after another the Greek states quickly
  apologised to Alexander submitting to his rule
  again
• Alexander was now ready to prepare for his
  invasion of the Persian Empire in 334 BC.

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