Hand Tools

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Hand Tools
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Pliers

• Used for a variety of gripping, clamping,
  bending, and cutting jobs in theatre.

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Slip Joint Pliers

• Very common
• Have an adjustable pivot point that provides two
  ranges of jaw opening.

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Needle Nose Pliers

• Useful for holding small objects
• Used to bend the lightest wire

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Channel Locks

• Has a series of jaw ranges that allows them to be
  used for a wide variety of purposes.
• The long handles enable for a great deal of
  leverage.

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Vise Grips

• Primary function is to
• grasp, lock, and hold almost any object.
• The size of the jaw opening and the amount of
  pressure applies by the jaws are adjustable by
  the screw a the base of the handle.

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Wire Cutters

• Primarily used by
• electricians for cutting wire.

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Wire Strippers

• Crimpers can strip away
• the insulation on the electric wire without
  cutting the wire.
• Is used to pressure clamp solderless connectors
  to electrical wire.

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Wrenches

• Used to tighten nuts and bolts.

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Combination Wrench

• Has two ends one open and one boxed.
• The open end has a non-adjustable smooth mouth.
  The mouth is a set size.
• The box end is made in standard sizes. Has a
  toothed head that must be fit over the nut.

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Crescent Wrench

• Commonly known as a C-Wrench.
• Has smooth jaws that adapt to fit almost any
  small to medium sized nut.
• In our theatre most commonly used in stage
  lighting.

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Pipe Wrench

• Is not a monkey wrench (has smooth jaws).
• Has serrated jaws that are made to bite into soft
  metal.
• Used to hold or twist pipes and their associated
  couplings.

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Socket Set and Ratchet Handle

• Sockets are cylindrical wrenches used with a
  ratchet handle.
• Used to loosen and tighten nuts without removing
  the socket from the nut.

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Allen Wrench

• A L-shaped hexagonal metal bar either end of
  which fits the socket of a screw or bolt
• The end of the wrench fits inside the bolt.

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Measuring and Marking Tools

• These tools are used to measure dimensions and
  angles.

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Standard Tape Measure

• Has a retractable ruler that can be locked in a
  specific dimension.
• Comes in a variety of lengths from 6-25 feet.

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Rules for a Tape Measure

• Do not pull the blade all the way out.
• It is not a sword.
• Do not pull a release the blade. It will damage
  the spring inside.
• Do not measure vertically without a surface to
  support the blade.

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How to Read a Tape Measure
How to Read a Tape Measure Video
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100 Tape Measure

• The blade is made of a flexible plastic.
• The user has to manually roll the blade back it
  does not do it automatically.
• Used for measuring long distances like when
  laying out dimensions on a stage floor.

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Level

• Used to check the accuracy of 90 and 180 degree
  angles.
• When the air bubble is in the middle of the two
  lines the piece is level.
• Comes in variety of lengths.
• Smaller levels are called speed or torpedo
  levels.
• These levels also have a magnetic strip on them
  to help hold them into place

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Combination Square

• Has a 12 inch steel ruler with a moveable handle.
• Uses to measure 90 and 45 degree angles.

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Framing Square

• A large steel L typically 16-24 inches.
• Used for checking the accuracy of 90 degree
  angles on platforms and flats.

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Speed Square

• Used to measure 45 and 90 degree angles.
• Compact in size
• Has a lip on one side to help level the square to
  the piece of lumber.

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Chalk Line

• Used to mark straight lines.
• A plastic housing holds a length of cotton line
  and chalk which coats the line.
• The line is stretched between two points and
  lightly snapped to leave a straight line.

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Cutting tools

• Used to cut different types of materials.
• Includes lots of different types of tools.

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Utility Knife

• Has a replaceable retractable blade.
• Use the notch on the top of the knife to slide
  out the blade.
• Not called a box cutter!

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Wood Chisel

• Has a steel blade used for
• gouging, paring, or smoothing wood.
• Has a wooden or plastic handle that is struck
  with a mallet.

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Surform Tools

• Used to roughly shape wood by
• pulling it with or across the grain
• of the lumber.
• Has a thin disposable strip of
• sharpened protrusions.

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Lumber Grain

• The grain of the lumber is the lines in the
  lumber.
• Crosscutting lumber
• Ripping lumber

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Parts of a Hand Saw

• Handle
• Back
• Blade
• Toe
• Teeth
• Heel

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Saw Terminology

• Kerf the width of the blade. You must account
  for this for each cut that you make. The blade
  is 1/16.
• TPI Teeth Per Inch The more teeth there are
  per inch the smoother the cut that you will have.
  It ranges from 40-120 TPI.

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Cross Cut Hand Saw

• The blade has alternating
• teeth that allows the blade to slice through
  the grain like a knife.
• Can also rip a piece of lumber.

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Rip Hand Saw

• The blade has aligned
• teeth that allows the blade to slice through
  the grain like a knife.
• The cut goes along the grain of the lumber.

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Hammers

• Parts of a hammer

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Types of Handles on a Hammer

• Wood light weight, inexpensive, but breaks
  easily
• Metal heavy, expensive, but does not break
• Fiberglass lightweight, expensive, and does not
  break easily

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Hammer Safety

• Wear goggles
• Use the proper weight of hammer
• Be aware of your surroundings
• Have a firm grip

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Claw Hammer

• Designed to hammer in
  nails and pull them out.
• The name refers to the claw like shape of the
  nail pulling end of the hammer.
• Most common

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Rip Hammer

• Designed to hammer in
  nails and destruct things.
• The name refers to the ability to rip things
  apart.

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Rubber Mallet

• Large face
• Used to close paint cans and knock two pieces of
  wood together

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Tack Hammer

• Two small faces
• No claw
• Used to hammer in tacks

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Ball-Peen Hammer

• One flat face and one round
• face
• Used to shape metal

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Screw Drivers
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Safety Rules

• Do not use as a chisel or to open paint can
• Use the correct length
• Do not use to make a hole
• Be aware of your hand placement

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Reasons for different lengths

• Torque vs reach
• The shorter the shaft of the screw driver the
  more torque the user will have
• The longer the shaft the less torque but more
  reach

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Screws vs Nails

• Screws have 300 times more holding power. Threads
  cut into and deform wood to hold tightly. Can be
  removed easily
• Nails grip with friction hold and will loosen
  when wood shrinks. Once nails are entered they
  can not be removed easily

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Types of screws
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Flat Head

• Flat tip
• Screws have a single slot

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Phillips Head

• Cross head
• Tip fits inside the cross of the screw head

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Off Set Screwdriver

• Has both flathead and phiilips head
• One on each end

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Robertson Screwdriver

• Shaped as a traditional screwdriver but the head
  is square
• No slippage of the screwdriver