The Presidency

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The Presidency
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Video The Big Picture
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Edwards Learning Objectives
Characterize the expectations for and the
backgrounds of presidents and identify paths to
the White House and how presidents may be removed
12.1
Evaluate the presidents constitutional powers
and the expansion of presidential power
12.2
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Edwards Learning Objectives
Describe the roles of the vice president,
cabinet, Executive Office of the President, White
House staff, and First Lady
12.1
Assess the impact of various sources of
presidential influence on the presidents ability
to win congressional support
12.4
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Edwards Learning Objectives
Analyze the presidents powers in making national
security policy and the relationship between the
president and Congress in this arena
12.3
Identify the factors that affect the presidents
ability to obtain public support
12.6
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Edwards Learning Objectives
Characterize the presidents relations with the
press and news coverage of the presidency
12.7
Assess the role of presidential power in the
American democracy and the presidents impact on
the scope of government
12.8
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Video The Basics
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The Presidents
12.1

• Great Expectations
• Who They Are
• How They Got There

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Great Expectations
12.1

• Are expectations realistic?
• Ensure peace, prosperity and security
• Power does not match responsibilities
• Cognitive dissonance
• Americans want strong leader but fear
  concentration of power
• We want government to be small and limited, yet
  solve all societal and economic problems

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12.1
Bring in the new guy
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Who They Are
12.1

• Basic requirements
• Natural-born citizen
• 35 years of age or older
• Resident of the U.S. for previous 14 years
• White, male, Protestant
• First female president?

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12.1
TABLE 12.1 Recent Presidents
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How They Got There
12.1

• Elections The Typical Road to the White House
• Twenty-Second Amendment (1951)
• Succession
• Twenty-Fifth Amendment (1967)
• Impeachment
• Watergate
• Clintons sex scandal

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12.1
TABLE 12.2 Incomplete Presidential Terms
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12.1
Nixon Resigns
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12.1
12.1 Which amendment creates a means for
selecting a vice president when the office
becomes vacant?

1. Twenty-second Amendment
2. Twenty-fifth Amendment
3. Twelfth Amendment
4. Tenth Amendment

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12.1
12.1 Which amendment creates a means for
selecting a vice president when the office
becomes vacant?

1. Twenty-second Amendment
2. Twenty-fifth Amendment
3. Twelfth Amendment
4. Tenth Amendment

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Presidential Powers
12.2

• Constitutional Powers
• Expansion of Power
• Perspectives on Presidential Power

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Video In Context
12.2
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Constitutional Powers
12.2

• Constitution says little
• The executive power shall be vested in a
  president of the United States of America.
• Fear of abuse of power
• Madisonian system
• Shared powers
• Checks and balances
• Short term of office

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12.2
TABLE 12.3 Constitutional Powers of the President
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Expansion of Power
12.2

• Changes leading to expansion of presidential
  power
• Military
• Technological
• Economic
• Presidents take initiative to expand role
• Lincoln
• FDR

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Perspectives on Presidential Power
12.2

• 1950s-1960s
• Strong good weak bad
• 1970s
• Vietnam War
• Watergate
• 1980s and beyond
• Mixed feeling about presidential power

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12.2
12.2 Which of the following is NOT an enumerated
power of the president?

• Make treaties with other nations
• Veto legislation
• Nominate ambassadors
• Declare war

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12.2
12.2 Which of the following is NOT an enumerated
power of the president?

• Make treaties with other nations
• Veto legislation
• Nominate ambassadors
• Declare war

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Explore the Simulation You Are a First-Term
President
12.2
http//media.pearsoncmg.com/long/long_longman_medi
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Running the Government Chief Executive
12.3

• Vice President
• Cabinet
• Executive Office
• White House Staff
• First Lady

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Vice President
12.3

• Mainly ceremonial in previous years
• Increasing role in modern presidency
• Cheney
• Biden

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Cabinet
12.3

• Traditional, not mandated
• Heads of federal agencies and executive
  departments

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12.3
TABLE 12.4 Cabinet Departments
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Executive Office
12.3

• National Security Council (NSC)
• Council of Economic Advisers (CEA)
• Office of Management and Budget (OMB)

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12.3
FIGURE 12.1 Executive Office of the President
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White House Staff
12.3

• Presidents personal support team
• Chief of staff
• Press secretary
• Anonymous and loyal
• President sets style and tone

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12.3
FIGURE 12.2 Principal Offices in the White House
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First Lady
12.3

• No longer just a well-dressed homemaker
• Abigail Adams
• Edith Wilson
• Eleanor Roosevelt
• Hillary Rodham Clinton
• Michelle Obama

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12.3
Michele Obama with military families
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12.3
12.3 What is the main duty of the Council of
Economic Advisors?

• Advise the president on banking regulations
• Advise the president and Congress on trade
• Advise the president on economic policy
• Advise the president on intelligence

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12.3
12.3 What is the main duty of the Council of
Economic Advisors?

• Advise the president on banking regulations
• Advise the president and Congress on trade
• Advise the president on economic policy
• Advise the president on intelligence

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Presidential Leadership of Congress Politics of
Shared Powers
12.4

• Chief Legislator
• Party Leadership
• Public Support
• Legislative Skills

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Chief Legislator
12.4

• State of the Union
• Veto
• Pocket Veto
• Line-item veto

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12.4
TABLE 12.5 Presidential Vetoes
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Party Leadership
12.4

• Bonds of Party
• Slippage in Party Support

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12.4
Obama with Reid and Pelosi
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Party Leadership
12.4

• Leading the Party
• Presidential Coattails

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12.4
TABLE 12.6 Congressional Gains or Losses for the
Presidents Party in Presidential Election Years
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12.4
TABLE 12.7 Congressional Gains or Losses for the
Presidents Party in Midterm Election Years
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Public Support
12.4

• Influence in Congress depends on popularity
• Public Approval
• Electoral Mandates

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Legislative Skills
12.4

• Bargaining
• Moving Fast
• Exploiting the honeymoon period
• Setting Priorities
• Limited success

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12.4
Clinton signing welfare bill
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12.4
12.4 A president will usually have the most
legislative success when

• he has persuasive powers with Congress and the
  public
• he presides over good foreign relations
• his party controls both houses of Congress
• he has strong staff support

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Video Thinking Like a Political Scientist
12.4
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12.4
12.4 A president will usually have the most
legislative success when

• he has persuasive powers with Congress and the
  public
• he presides over good foreign relations
• his party controls both houses of Congress
• he has strong staff support

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President and National Security Policy
12.5

• Chief Diplomat
• Commander in Chief
• War Powers
• Crisis Manager
• Working with Congress

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Chief Diplomat
12.5

• Extending diplomatic recognition
• Treaties
• Executive agreements

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12.5
Carter with Begin and Sadat
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Commander in Chief
12.5

• President can deploy troops
• Congress must declare war, appropriate funds
• Framers did not envision standing army
• Or nuclear arsenal

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12.5
Capture of Obsama bin Laden
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War Powers
12.5

• War Powers Resolution (1973)
• Presidents must seek Congressional approval
  before deploying armed forces
• Legislative veto
• What do you think?

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Crisis Manager
12.5

• What constitutes a crisis?
• Cuban Missile Crisis
• 9/11
• Modern communications technology

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12.5
Responding to 9/11
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Working with Congress
12.5

• Two presidencies
• Domestic policy
• Foreign policy

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12.5
12.5 The president has the most influence in

1. national security policy
2. domestic policies
3. public welfare
4. public opinion

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12.5
12.5 The president has the most influence in

1. national security policy
2. domestic policies
3. public welfare
4. public opinion

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Power from the People Public Presidency
12.6

• Going Public
• Presidential Approval
• Policy Support
• Mobilizing the Public

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Going Public
12.6

• Public sentiment is everything. With public
  sentiment nothing can fail without it nothing
  can succeed.
• Ceremonial duties build public support

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12.6
President Bush announces end of Iraq war
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Presidential Approval
12.6

• Product of many factors
• Party affiliation
• Honeymoon period
• Policy success
• Integrity and leadership skills
• Rally events

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12.6
FIGURE 12.3 Presidential Approval
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Explore the Presidency What Influences a
President's Public Approval?
12.6
http//media.pearsoncmg.com/long/long_edwards_mpsl
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Policy Support
12.6

• Using the bully pulpit effectively
• Media skills
• Public not receptive
• Not interested in politics and government
• Biased reasoners and partisans
• Weak on facts

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12.6
Reagan
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Mobilizing the Public
12.6

• When the people speak, Congress listens
• This is a rare event
• Inattentive public
• Apathetic public
• Congress responds to this, too

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12.6
12.6 As a presidents time in office increases,
his approval ratings

1. also increase
2. generally go down
3. remain stable
4. decrease but rise as his term ends

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12.6
12.6 As a presidents time in office increases,
his approval ratings

1. also increase
2. generally go down
3. remain stable
4. decrease but rise as his term ends

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President and the Press
12.7

• Nature of News Coverage

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12.7
Obama press conference
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Nature of News Coverage
12.7

• Media serves as intermediary
• Does not always verify facts
• Are news outlets biased?
• Press secretary

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12.7
12.7 With which statement would most press
secretaries agree?

1. The media have a liberal bias.
2. Coverage of the presidency is generally positive.
3. Media bias has little impact on the way the
   American people are informed.
4. Media coverage is based solely on facts.

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12.7
12.7 With which statement would most press
secretaries agree?

1. The media have a liberal bias.
2. Coverage of the presidency is generally positive.
3. Media bias has little impact on the way the
   American people are informed.
4. Media coverage is based solely on facts.

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Understanding the American Presidency
12.8

• Presidency and Democracy
• Presidency and the Scope of Government

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Presidency and Democracy
12.8

• Wanting and fearing a strong president
• Safety in checks and balances
• What happens when government is divided?

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Presidency and the Scope of Government
12.8

• What made Theodore Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson, and
  Franklin Roosevelt noteworthy presidents?
• Government growth not inherent in presidency
• Ideologically conservative and operationally
  liberal

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Video In the Real World
12.8
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12.8
12.8 According to the text, which of the
following is true?

1. Divided government cannot pass legislation.
2. Change occurs in unified as well as divided
   government.
3. All presidents work toward increasing
   presidential power.
4. Presidents since LBJ have championed growth of
   government.

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12.8
12.8 According to the text, which of the
following is true?

1. Divided government cannot pass legislation.
2. Change occurs in unified as well as divided
   government.
3. All presidents work toward increasing
   presidential power.
4. Presidents since LBJ have championed growth of
   government.

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Discussion Question
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• How do presidents use the power to persuade to
  implement their agenda? In what way is this
  power considered to be their most important?

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Video So What?
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