Statehood for Texas

1
Statehood for Texas
2
LEGISLATURE

• A government body that has the power to make or
  pass laws.

3
Executive branch

• The part of the government that carries out the
  laws

4
Legislative Branch

• The part of the government that makes the laws.

5
Judicial Branch

• The part of the government that interprets the
  laws and applies these laws in the court system.

6
Governor

• The highest ranking officer in the state
  government.

7
Lieutenant governor

• The second highest ranking officer in the state
  govt.

8
Cession

• The transfer of land from one country to another.

9
Abolitionist

• A person who wants to end slavery.

10

• Sam Houston was elected as the 1st president of
  Texas in 1836. Texans also showed they wanted to
  be annexed to the U.S.

11
From Republic to a State

• The Republic of Texas began in 1836 and for
  another 10 years, TX tries to
• become part of the U.S.
• The resolution to annex Texas to the U.S. was
  signed on March 1, 1845.
• On March 1, 1845, Texas becomes the 28th state
  of the United States.
• The resolution stated that Texas could be
• divided into 5 states.

12

• At this point, a new constitution was needed
  for Texas. The state constitution would closely
  followed that of the United States.
• Delegates met on July 4, 1845 in Austin. Jose
  Navarro was the only Texas born delegate among
  them.

13
Jose Antonio Navarro

• Was a member of the Coahuila y Tejas state
  legislature and to the federal congess at Mexico
  City.
• Elected to the Texas Congress
• Helped write the Texas state constitution.
• Served two years in Texas Senate

14
Texas State Constitution of 1845 modeled the US
Constitution.

• The statehood constitution that outlines the
  three branches of govt., creates the executive,
  the legislative, and the judicial offices.

15
Provisions of the Const. of 1845

• Protected homesteads from being taken to pay
  debts
• Did not allow ministers or priest to serve in the
  legislature
• Allowed settlers to continue bringing
• slaves into the state.

16

• Protected womens right to own land.
• Outlined the 3 branches of the state government.
• Created the offices of governor and lieutenant
  governor.
• Created the legislature, which included the House
  of Representatives and the Senate.
• Set up court system.

17
Branches of Government and Officials

• James P. Henderson----Executive
• Albert C. Horton---------Executive
• Thomas J. Rusk----------Legislative
• Sam Houston------------Legislative
• David Kaufman----------Legislative
• Timothy Pillsbury--------Legislative
• John Hemphill------------Judicial

18
James P. Henderson

• The first governor of TX 1845
• Established the first govt. of TX
• Governed during war with Mexico

Allen Horton was elected lieutenant governor.
19
12.2 Mexican and U.S. Policy on Texas

• The admission of Texas to the U.S. had
• created hard feelings between Mexico
• and the U.S.
• Even though Santa Anna had signed the
• Treaties of Velasco, the Mexican govern-
• ment refused to recognize Texas independence.

20

• Mexico claimed that Santa Anna signed
• the treaties only because his life was in
• danger. Therefore, Mexico did not rec-
• ognize Texas independence even though
• Texas was a Republic. Leaders in Mex-
• ico thought that the Texas Revolution
• had been planned by the U.S. Mexico
• warned if the U.S. admitted Texas into
• the Union, it would mean war.

21
Tensions between Mexico and the U.S.

• The U.S. believed Texas border was at
• the Rio Grande. Mexico said the border
• was the Nueces River, since they didnt
• recognize the Treaties of Velasco.
• The dispute was also about the U.S.
• wanted to gain control of California and
• all the land between Texas and the Pacific ocean.

22
Claimed by Mexico Texas
23

• Many U.S. citizens believed that ex-
• pansion of the U.S. to the Pacific Ocean
• was certain to happen. This idea was
• known as MANIFEST DESTINY.

24

• When Texas was annexed, President
• Polk sent John Slidell to Mexico to try to ease
  tensions between the U.S. and Mexico.

25
Zachary Taylor

• When tensions increased with Mexico, he was sent
  to place troops along the Nueces River line.
• Known as Old rough ready
• Many victories in War w/Mexico led to his
  election as U.S. President 1848

26
Winfiled Scott

• Commander took over Taylors troops.
• Sailed to Vera Cruz with his troops.

27
Mariano Arista

• Mexican general led troops South of Rio Grande
  during the US-Mexico war.
• Becomes Pres. of Mexico after the war.

28
War with Mexico 1846 - 1848

• U.S. declared war May 13,1846
• Texans view war as chance to remember the Alamo
  the Mier Expedition.

29
Cause of War

• Mexico claimed the Nueces River as its border,
  and the United States/Texas claimed the Rio
  Grande.
• The war began at Brownsville when a small battle
  breaks out, and American blood is shed.

30
Texas Rangers

• Created by SFA to protect settlers from Native
  American raids
• Fought served as scouts in US-Mex war.
• Called los diablos Tejanos by Mexicans due to
  their fighting ability (they adopted fighting
  style of Comanches)

31
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

• Helped U.S. achieve Manifest Destiny because
  Mexico agreed to
• Recognize TX as part of the US
• Surrender all land between TX Pacific Ocean

32
Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo

• Ended the Mexican War.
• Mexican Cession the Southwest is claimed by the
  United States.
• Mexico accepts Texas as part of the United
  States, and the United States paid 15 million to
  Mexico.
• The Rio Grande River is the border of Texas.

33
12.3 The TEXASNew Mexico Border

• The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo est-
• ablished Texas southern border at the
• Rio Grande. However, the dispute con-
• tinued because Texans claimed that
• their border continued northward
• through central New Mexico into
• Colorado.

34
Disagreements over Slavery and Territories

• In 1848, the U.S. had several problems.
• One, the dispute over Texass western
• boundary and territorial disputes.
• Zachary Taylor became president of the
• U.S. in 1848.

35

• Disagreements Over Slavery and Territories
• Slaveholders
• Didnt want California to join the Union.
• Favored large western boundary for
• TX
• Wanted federal help for finding run-away
• slaves

36

• Abolitionists
• Wanted California to join
• Wanted to limit TX borders
• Wanted to outlaw slavery in Washing
• D.C.

37
12. 3 Henry Clay

• Writer of the Compromise of 1850
• Proposed main ideas of Compromise

38
Compromise of 1850

• California became a state
• New Mexico Utah become territories
• TX gets 10million in exchange for disputed land
  north and west (along Rio Grande) (this would
  help in paying off Texas debt)
• Fugitive Slave Law passed
• Slave trade ended in Washington, D.C.