Epidemiology

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Epidemiology

• What is Epidemiology?
• Etiology

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Monitoring an outbreak

• Incidence
• Prevalence

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Epidemiological Terms

• Morbidity
• Mortality

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Diseases in Populations

• Endemic
• Epidemic

• Pandemic
• Sporadic

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Disease Spread

• Common Source Outbreak
• Propagated Epidemic

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Epidemiologic Studies

• Descriptive
• Analytical
• Experimental

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Infection Reservoirs

• Human
• Animal (Zoonoses)
• Non-living

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Microbe Spread

• Portals of Entry
• Skin
• Mucus membrane
• Parenteral route

• Portals of Exit
• Vary for each organ system
• Bodily fluids and fecal material carry microbes

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Modes of Disease Transmission

• Contact
• Vehicles
• Vectors

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Problems in Disease Transmission

• Disease Cycles
• Herd Immunity

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Controlling Disease Transmission

• Isolation
• Quarantine
• Immunization
• Vector Control

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Public Health Organizations

• Center for Disease Control (CDC)
• World Health Organization (WHO)

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Notifiable Diseases

• Definition
• Infectious diseases harmful to community health
  must be reported to a physician
• 65 diseases as of 2006

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Nosocomial Infection Risks

• Susceptibility
• Virulence
• Transmission chain

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Bioterrorism

• Airborne human pathogens
• Toxins
• Agricultural bioterrorism