Intergovernmental Relations

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Intergovernmental Relations

• Definitions
• A. Old style federalism (dual)
• B. New style federalism (cooperative)

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Intergovernmental relations

• C. Creative federalism joint planning and
  decisionmaking (LBJ). Focus on Great Society
  programs
• D. New federalism (Nixon) return autonomy to
  states but keep federal funding
• E. New new federalism (Reagan/Bush) cut
  federal grants, transferred programs back to
  states

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Intergovernmental Relations

• II. Evolution of Federalism
• A. Requires the following features
• 1. written constitution dividing powers
• 2. levels of govt. exercising powers over
  citizens directly
• 3. constitutional distribution of powers
  that cannot be changed unilaterally

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Intergovernmental Relations

• III. Types/Categories of governments
• A. Unitary all important power rests with
  national government (Japan)
• B. Confederacy power rests with sovereign
  state governments (European Union)
• C. Federation national govt. shares power
  with states (U.S., Germany)

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Intergovernmental Relations

• IV. Analogies of Federalism
• A. Layer Cake model
• B. Marble cake model/cooperative
• C. Picket fence model

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Federalism and IGR

• V. Grants-in-Aid (Fiscal Federalism)
• A. Purposes Behind Grants fiscal mismatch
• B. Categorical grants
• 1. matching provisions
• 2. discretion given to federal govt.
• 3. different types formula and project

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Federalism and IGR

• C. Block grants
• 1. few guidelines
• 2. discretion to states
• D. General Revenue sharing (GRS)
• 1. almost no guidelines
• 2. eventually eliminated due to abuse

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Federalism and IGR

• VI. The Development of National Supremacy
• A. McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
• 1. background
• 2. legal issues
• 3. Court ruling