Title: Conductometric Analysis
1??? ????? ?????
2?????
3- ?????(conductometry )???????????????????
?????????????????
4- ?????
- ??????????
- ???????????
- ?,?????????
- (???)???????
- ??????
- ??????
- ?????????????????????????????????????????
5- ?????
- ???????????????????????????
61 ????
- ????????
-
- 1. ??????
- ?????????
- ???????????????
7- ????????????????????,?????,?????????
??????????????????????(???)?????????
??????????????????
82. ??????
G ?/ ?
??? ?????? ??S ? m-1
?? ????? S, 1S1?-1
??????????????????(1cm),???????(1cm)??????????
93. ????????
?? ??? ????? ??????
???????? ??, ??? ???????? ?,?????
???, ???
- ??????,????????, ???
- ????????????
10??????
- 1. ??
- ????1cm???????????????1
mol????????????????,?????????,?????m??. -
- 2. ????
- ????C molL-1???Vcm3???l mol,?
- ?m ?V
-
- ?m 1000 ? / C
-
- ?m????Scm2mol-1
11 3. ????
???????????
12??????????????? ???????,??????? ????????????,?
1mol(KCl)
1mol(1/2CuSO4)
?????????,???? ????????
????????????????????
13??????????
?? 1000 ? / C ??, C ??,???,?????????(????)?,???
???
1. ?? ????????????,???????,?
??? 2. ????????
??????,?????????,????????????????,?????
?????????????????????????????????????
14????
- ???????????????????,?????????????????????????????
??????????
15??? L0/(Scm2mol-1) ??? L0-/(Scm2mol-1)
H 349.82 OH- 197.6
Li 38.69 Cl- 76.34
Na 50.11 NO3- 71.44
Ag 61.9 HCO3- 44.48
K 73.52 IO3- 41
NH4 73.4 CH3COO- 40.9
Tl 74.7 C6H5COO- 32.3
½Ba2 63.64 ½CO32- 69.3
½Ca2 59.5 ½C2O42- 74.2
½Mg2 53.06 ½SO42- 79.8
16????25????????
17??????????????
D???? ?????? T???? A,B????????????
18???????
1.??? ????????,????? ??????????????
??????????????,????,?????,???????????????
19 ????? A???? l ????
???cm-1 ???KCl??????(??)???????????
202.???????
???????????????(???????????????????????,????
???????,???????????,????????,????.
610V,50Hz?????,??????? ??,??10002500Hz????
????????????????????????
21(1)????? ?????????????
22- (2)???
- ?????????(??????)
- ???? ????? ????
- ? ?????
23??????????
??????????,???????? ????,??????????????, ??,?
?????????????? ??????????????????????
24- 1. ????
- ?????????????????????????????????????????
??????
25- 2.????????
- 3.??????????
- 4.???????
26?????????
?????? ????????????,?????????
?????? ????????????? ????????
27????????????????????????
28??????
- ???????,????????????????,????????????????????,????
???????,????????????. - ???????????????????????(K10-10),????????????,????
?????????????????.??????????????????????. - ???????,?????????????
29?????
30- ???? ?(coulometry)
- ?????????????????,???????????????????????????????
????????? - ???????????(?????????????)????????(???????)
- ????????100(???????????????????????,??????????)
31????????
- 1.??
- ??????????????,?????????????,?????????,?????????
32(?)????? (1)????????? ????
?????(??)???(??) ??????(??)???(??)
33(No Transcript)
34???? ???? ??(??) ??(??)
35(No Transcript)
36????(???????)
???????,??????,???????????
????Cu2 2e Cu? ????2H2O O2 ? 4H
4e ???? 2Cu2 2H2O 2Cu O2 4H
??????E 0.307 - 1.22 -0.91 (V)
371.?????????
- ?????????????????????,????????,?????????????????
???????????,??????,??????????????,????????????????
?????????(E?),???????????(U?)?
38- ??????????????????????????????????????????
- ????????????????????,??????????(E?)???,??????
??,???????????? - ??????U??
- U?E?
- U?-U?iR
-
39- ???????????????????????????????????????????,
???????????????????? - ????????????,???????????????,?????????????????
?????,???????????????
40- ????,???????,????
- ????,???????,?????
41- ????????????
- ????????????? ?????????,????????????
- U?E?(?)-E?(?)
421. ?????? ?????????,?????,???????????(D'?)
? 2. ??????(????) ??????????????,??????????(D
?)? 3. ???????
???(?)?????????(iR)???????????
E? (E? ??)- (E? ??) iR
??????????????????????????,????????????
43- 2.????????
- ??????????????????????,??????????????????????????
,???????????? - ??????????,?????????????????????
- ???????????????
44 ???????????? ???????,??????????,????????
??????? ???? ??????,????????????????,??????
?
????????? a.????,?????? b.??,?????
45 ????? ?????????????????
????????????,????????????
46- ????????
- (1) ????
- ???????????????????,?????????,?????????????25?,??
???10mA/cm2?,??????????1.09V,?????1.04V,???????0.7
8V,??????0.58V?
47- (2)????(???????????)
- ???,??????,?????????,????,???????1?10?100mA/cm2?
,???????????0.19?0.58 ? 0.85V?
48- (3)??????
- ????,???????????????,????????????????,??????????
???????????,??,????????????????,???????????,??????
??????
49- (4)??
- ????????????????,?????10?,???????2030mV?
50???????????
1. ???? ???????
?????????????W???????Q???? ???????
??M????????(g),Q???(1??1??1?),F??????(1F96487?
?),n?????????????
51- ??????,????????,?
-
- Faraday???????????????????????????????,????
?????????
52????
(1)??????? (2)??????????
(3)????? (4)???????? (5)?????
532.?????
(1)???,?????????N2????????????,???????
(2)?????????????????,?????????????????????,????
??????????????????
54???????????
- ????????,??????????????????????,?????????,??
???????????????,??????100,??????????????????
55????? (1)????? (???) 1F??????11200 mL
?? 5600 mL ??? 16800
mL?? (2)?????? (?????) ?????,???????,
???Cu????Q i ? t (3)?????
56?????the quantity of electrical charge
??? Q i ? t ????????????? ???
?lgit ?t ??,?? k??lg i0 ??????100
57??????????
????????,?????????????(?????,?????????????)???
??????,???????????????????????????????????????????
?????????
1. ??????? (1)???????? (2)??????????????,?????
??????????
(3)????????????????? (4)?????????????10-5-10-9
g/mL
58- 2.????
- (1)????
- ??????????????
- (2)????
- ???????????????????????
593.??????????
?? (1)????????? (2)????? (3)?????
(1) ???? ????H2O (1/2)O22H 2e
????2 H2O H2 2OH- -2e (2) ???? ????AgAge
(PbPb22e) (3) ???? ???? HgY2e
HgY4- (4) ?????? ???? 2Br - Br22e
2I- I22e
60??????
61??????automated coulometric titration
1. ??????????????? ?????1200
C????,???CO2??????????,?????? Ba(ClO4)
2 H2O CO2 ? BaCO3? 2HClO4 ??????????,??
??,?????OH - 2H2O 2e ? 2OH- H2
(????) ???????????,????? ?????????OH
- ????? HClO4? 2?????????1????? ????????????????
622. ???????????
?????(COD)??????????????????1dm3?????????(
????????)???????? ??????????COD?????
?????????????????????,?????????,??????????????
?? 5Fe2 MnO4- 8H Mn2 5Fe3
4H2O ??????????????,?????????????,??????C
OD?
633. ??????????
?? I2 2e ? 2I-
?? 2I- ? I2 2e
SO2 I2 2H2O ? SO42- 2I- 4H
CO22H 2e ? C H2O
644.?????(??????)
?? ?? ?? ??,??,?? ???????
( ???Ag??) ?Ag??????E?, ????E?, ?
E? E? , ? ?E 0, I?? 0,
???????
651.??????
??Cl-??????????, ?Ag????AgCl,Ag??? , ? E? ? E?
, ?E ? 0,????????? ????????E ????I
?????. ???(???)?????Ag ?Ag e ????????????
Ag Cl- ? AgCl? ?Cl-???????,???????????E?,?????
?? ????Cl-?????,Ag?????,?????????????????Ag?
??????? E? E? , ?E 0,?I??
0,??????? ??????????????,?????????
662.????(Karl Fisher)??????
??????I2 ??SO2 ?,????????
I2SO22H2O 2HIH2SO4 ?????????,??????. ???????
???????????????????????
(1)???????HI (2)?????????
??????? 1?g???10.722??????