Cardiovascular System

1
Cardiovascular System
2
Role of the Cardiovascular System

• the bodys delivery service
• the heart pumps blood through the blood vessels
  to the entire body.

3
The Heart

• The heart is a muscular organ, about the size of
  your fist, located between the lungs behind the
  sternum.
• It is a pump that beats an average of 72 times a
  minute, 100,000 times a day, and 3 trillion times
  an averabe lifetime.
• beating heart

4
The Pericardium

• The pericardium is a protective sac covering the
  heart
• made up of two layers
• Visceral pericardium inner layer next to heart
• Parietal pericardium outer layer

5
Chambers of the Heart

• the heart is divided into right and left sides by
  a wall called the septum
• the heart has four chambers two upper,
  thin-walled atria, and two lower, thick-walled
  ventricles.

6
Valves of the Heart

• Some valves control the flow of blood within the
  heart
• Mitral (bicuspid) valve between the left atrium
  and left ventricle
• Tricuspid valve between the right atrium and
  right ventricle
• The pulmonary and aortic valves stop the backflow
  of blood into the heart

7
Blood Flow

• The cardiovascular system has three types of
  blood vessels
• Arteries (and arterioles) carry blood away from
  the heart
• Capillaries where nutrient and gas exchange
  occur
• Veins (and venules) carry blood toward the
  heart.

8
Passage of Blood Through Heart

• Each atria pumps blood to a ventricle through
  valves. (tricuspid and mitral valve)
• The right ventricle will pump blood to the lungs
  to be oxygenated (via pulmonary artery) and the
  blood will return to the heart via the pulmonary
  vein.
• The oxygenated blood returns to the left atrium,
  then to the left ventricle and out through the
  aorta to the body.

9
Cardiac Conduction System

• contained in special heart tissue called
  conductive tissue
• controls electrical impulses that cause the heart
  to contract

10
Circulation

• circulation is the flow of blood
• There are three types
• Coronary circulation
• Pulmonary circulation
• Systemic circulation

11
Coronary Circulation

• the circulation of blood within the heart
• the coronary arteries (branch off the aorta)
  supply blood to the heart muscle
• Since the coronary arteries are so small, they
  are easily clogged, leading to heart disease.

12
Pulmonary Circulation

• the flow of blood between the heart and lungs
• pulmonary arteries carry blood low in oxygen from
  the right ventricle to the lungs to get oxygen
• pulmonary veins return oxygen-rich blood to the
  left atrium.

13
Systemic Circulation

• the flow of blood between the heart and the cells
  of the body
• The aorta branches with an artery going to each
  specific organ.
• eg. the carotid artery supplies blood to the head
  and neck
• Generally, an artery divides
• into arterioles and capillaries
• which then lead to venules
• and veins

14
Pulmonary and Systemic Circulation
15
Major arteries and veins of systemic circulation