Energy Conservation and Renewable Energy ???? ? ???? Dr. W. K. YAU ?????

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Energy Conservation and Renewable Energy???? ?
???? Dr. W. K. YAU
?????
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In the beginning
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Global, Regional and Local Problems
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??????, ???????????? ?????
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?????????,??????,????????,???????
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???? ????????????????????????
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• ?????? ???
• CO2 ?30
  Methane ?100
  Nitrous Oxide ?15

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??????

• 2001 - 404,000,000,000,000,000 Btu
• 2025 - 640,000,000,000,000,000 Btu
• (prediction increase by 58)
• ?????????????????????????
• ????,??????????????,?????
• ??????,?????????
• International Energy Outlook 2003

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??, ????(1999)

• ?? 39.4
• ??? 23.0
• ? 22.3
• ?? 7.1
• ?? 6.6
• ??, ??? 0.7 ??? (90-9973)

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• ?????? ??350???
•  36 ??
• 34 ??
• 17 ??
• 13 ??
•  
• ??????????,??
• ??, ??
• ????

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• ????????? 0.45 - 0.6 o C
• 1990 - 2100 ???? 1.4 - 5.8 o C

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• 1900 - 2000 ????
• 15 - 20 cm (????,
• ????)
• ??50?????
• 100 cm

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• ?? 1 o C ?????100?
• ????? - ?????????????????
• ????????? (?)

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????

• 1997?????133?, ?1884????
• 2001?, ???????, ?? El Nino Effect - ????
• 1999? 7?????
• 8 ??? - 5?
• 9 ??? - 1?,
• 10 ??? - 1?
• 2000????? - 0?

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??, ????,??,??
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• ??
• ????(??, ???, ?)??? (???,???????????????????
• ????????
• pH5.6 - ??
• ???? PHlt3????(???????)

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• ???????????, ????,???????
• ?????,????????? - ???? - ???????
• ???????

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??????????? 
1995? (??/????) 2000? (??/????)
???? 70 95
??????? 70 80
?? 23 32

• ???????
• ?1500 ????? (???????)
• ? ??????????,???????? ??????????????????????????
   
• ????
  ?????????

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??????????
1995? (????3,618) 2001? (????4,448
?? 16.8 17.2
?? 9.2 9.4
????? 35.1 37.4
?? 38.9 42.4
?? 5.7 5.4

• ???? ?????

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• ??40?
• 90????????,???SO2 ?50? ?????? 20-40?
• ????????600?
• ?????2.2 (????,????,???, .)
• 90-95?(???????)

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• ????
• ??????
• ??????
• How ?
• ???? Renewable Energy
• ??(??)?? Conservation

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• 9/2002 ???????????
• ???????????????
• ????,????????????????
• (???? 2008-2012?????????????1990??? 5)

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???

• 196? - 30 kw/day
• ???? 3 ????

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?????
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????
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Vertical Wind Turbine
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???? ?? 2.7m/s ?? over 2500 kw output(80
metre rotor diameter)
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?? ?? (??18,200 MW), ??, ?? (??)
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? ? ? ? - Fuel Cell

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??
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?????(?)
200,000
????
2003?2004?
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Fuel Cell Motor Vehicle
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Fuel Cell for Family use
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• ???? ????
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• ????

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• ????????
• 1) ????/??????
• ????
• ??/????
• 2) ?/?? ??/?????
• - ????
• 3) ?????????, ???????????,??????

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• ???? ??/??????
• ???????? - ??????????
• ????,??
• ??,???
• ??
• ??
• ???
• Standby Electrical

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• ????
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• ??,??,?? ?
• ??? ? (Car sharing ?)

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• ????,???? / ??,??,??
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• ?????????, ??, ?? ?

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• ??
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• ?? (???) ????
• ????/??,?????
• ??, ????????
• ??,standby ?????? ?
• ????

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????  Energy Management
???? ?? ?? ???? (Management)
???????????? ?? (End users)
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• ????  ????
• ????,???(???) ???(??)
• ???????? Demand Side Management
• ????,????????
• ??(???)???????(Phases)
• ???????????????????? (Payback Period)
• ???? (Implementation)
• ??????? (???, ??????)
• ????? Phase 2, 3,..Conservation

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Performance Contracting
Contracting Company to Investigate And Pay
for Energy-saving Installations
Building / Facility Owner (Energy
Management Committee)
Contract and Monitoring
Energy Costs Savings
of Savings
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• ????????????,????????????????

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• ??????????,????????????????? ???????????
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• ???? / ??(??)???

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?????? (??7-10??)
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• Compare to air-cooled air conditioning
• Energy savings
• Cooling tower Saves 14 - 20
• District sea water coolingSaves 22 28
• District cooling system Saves 30 35

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• AHU
• ???? (5-10)
• ??????, ?????????,????10
• ??????
• ??????,????15????
• ????
• ???????
• ?????, ??????,????(?)?????  

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• ???/??
• l?????????????????? ?????????,???????,??????????
• l ????????????????,?????????????? ??10??
• ?????????
• ???,???????????????
• ?????????
• Heat Pump
• Combined Heat and Power

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• ????
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• ???

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• ????
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• ??????
• ????????,?????????
• ????? (50 ??)
• ??/?????????

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• ????
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• ????(????)
• ????, ?? steam trap
• ????? (50 ??)
• ????????

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• ??????(50?) - ????
• ????
• Condensing Boiler (Latent heat)
• Heat Pump (Reverse cycle)
• ?????? (Heat Recovery)
• ???? (Combined Heat and Power)
• ???

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Condensing Boiler/ Heat Recovery??????
Hot Water
Gas Boiler
Cold Water
Heat Exchanger
Pre-heat water
Gas
Hot Exhaust Gas
Cold Exhaust Gas
Condensate From Exhaust Gas (Latent Heat)
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Heat Pump (Reverse Cycle)
Space Heating Industrial Process Heating Wate
r Heating
Compressor (Air Conditioner)
Hot Air
Cool Air
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• Combined Heat and Power ????
• Small generator units (gas)
• Microturbine
• Generator 30 kW
• Heat recovery
• Combined Heat and Power (CHP)
• Claims 96 efficiency
• Picture Microturbine

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• ????/?????
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• -????????
• -????

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• ??-???????????????????
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• ????
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• ?shading,???film

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• ?
• ?????Half Load
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• ????????,save 90

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• ?
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• EMSD ????
• ????
• ??????(??7-10??) ,??????
• Code of Practice

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• ???????/????
• ????
• ???? - ???????
• - ?? - ????????
• ????
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• Day One - ??
• ?? ??,??,???

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???????????

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??????, ???? ??????
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??,??, ??????
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?? ?? ?? ????
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????????????
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Advanced Technology ????
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???????????
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???????? District Heating and Cooling
System
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SYSTEM FLOW
Plant
Customer
G/T
Gen
A/C
H/E
H/E
A Chiller
Hot Well
Turbine
T Chiller
G/T
Gen
A/C
H/E
Chiller
Turbine
T Chiller
Boiler
Cond T
Chiller
Hot well
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• Edward Stokes

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• Edward Stokes

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Edwards Stokes
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