MULTI-PROTOCOL LABEL SWITCHING

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MULTI-PROTOCOL LABEL SWITCHING

• By
• YASHWANT.V
• ROLL NO20

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CONTENTS

• Introduction
• Issues with routing
• What is MPLS.?
• How does MPLS work.?
• MPLS Network
• Protocols Used
• Advantages
• Applications

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INTRODUCTION

• MPLS was originally proposed by a group of
  engineers from Ipsilon Networks, but their "IP
  Switching" technology, which was defined only to
  work over ATM, did not achieve market dominance.
  Cisco Systems, Inc. introduced a related
  proposal, not restricted to ATM transmission,
  called "Tag Switching" when it was a Cisco
  proprietary proposal, and was renamed "Label
  Switching" when it was handed over to the IETF
  for open standardization.

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ISSUES WITH ROUTING

• Flexibility of routing
• Integration with established technologies
• Additional Services
• Extensibility into new technologies

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What is M P L S.?

• MPLS is based on the concept of label switching
• Operates at an OSI Model layer.
• Referred as Layer 2.5 protocol.
• Designed to provide a unified data-carrying
  service for both circuit-based clients and
  packet-switching.
• MPLS is a technology used for optimizing traffic
  forwarding through a network .
• MPLS combines the best of both Layer 3 IP routing
  and Layer 2 switching .

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How does M P L S work?

• MPLS assigns labels to packets for transport
  across a network .
• The labels are contained in an MPLS header
  inserted into the data packet .
• These short, fixed-length labels carry the
  information that tells each switching node
  (router) how to process and forward the packets,
  from source to destination.
• They have significance only on a local
  node-to-node connection.
• As each node forwards the packet, it swaps the
  current label for the appropriate label to route
  the packet to the next node.

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.contd

• MPLS networks establish Label-Switched Paths (LSP
  s) for data crossing the network.
• LSP s direct packets in one of two ways
  hop-by-hop routing or explicit routing.
• Hop-by-hop routing In hop-by-hop routing, each
  MPLS router independently selects the next hop
  for a given Forwarding Equivalency Class (FEC). A
  FEC describes a group of packets of the same
  type all packets assigned to a FEC receive the
  same routing treatment.
• Explicit routing In explicit routing, the entire
  list of nodes traversed by the LSP is specified
  in advance. The path specified could be optimal
  or not, but is based on the overall view of the
  network topology and, potentially, on additional
  constraints.

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M P L S NETWORK
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Data flow in an MPLS network

• PE routers first establish LSP s.
• Non-MPLS traffic is sent through its CE router
• PE router performs a lookup on information in the
  packet
• P router swaps labels as per LIB
• At egress PE, the last MPLS is removed
• The packet proceeds to the destination CE and
  into the customer's network.

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PROTOCOLS USED.

• CR-LDP Constraint-based Routing Label
  Distribution Protocol
• RSVP-TE Resource Reservation Protocol Tunneling
  Extensions

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ADVANTAGES

• MPLS enables a single converged network to
  support both new and legacy services
• MPLS enables traffic engineering.
• MPLS supports the delivery of services with
  Quality of Service (QoS) guarantees.
• MPLS reduces router processing requirements,
  since routers simply forward packets based on
  fixed labels.
• MPLS provides the appropriate level of security
• MPLS VPNs scale better than customer-based VPNs

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TRAFFIC ENGINEERING

• HYPER AGGREGATION PROBLEM

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APPLICATIONS

• Telecommunications traffic engineering.
• M P L S Virtual Private Networks

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REFERENCES

• http//en.wikipedia.org
• http//ciscorouters.com
• http//mplsfaqs.org

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• THANK YOU