Protective Packaging and Materials Handling

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• Protective Packaging and Materials Handling

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Product Characteristics

• Physical Characteristics
• Density of bulk materials
• Ability to withstand exposure to elements
• Respiration
• Chemical Characteristics
• Incompatible products
• Products requiring chemicals
• Characteristics must be made known to consumers

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Product Characteristics

• Hazardous Cargo
• Explosives
• Compressed gases
• Flammable liquids
• Oxidizers
• Poisons
• Radioactive materials
• Corrosive materials

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Product Characteristics

• Environmental Protection
• Reduce packing materials used
• Use packaging materials that are more
  environmentally friendly with recycled content
• Use reusable containers
• Retain or support services that collect used
  packaging and recycle it

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Packaging

• Building-blocks concept
• Smallest unit is consumer package
• Each unit is stacked within the next larger one
  to protect the product
• Promotional functions of boxes

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Packaging

• Protective functions of packaging
• Enclose materials
• Restrain materials from undesired movement
• Separate contents to prevent undesired contact
• Cushion contents from outside vibrations and
  shocks
• Support the weight of identical containers
  stacked above
• Position the contents to provide maximum
  protection
• Provide for uniform weight distribution
• Provide exterior surface for labeling
• Be tamperproof
• Be safe for consumers or others

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Packaging

• Package testing
• Vibrations
• Dropping
• Horizontal impacts
• Compression
• Overexposure to extreme temperatures or moisture
• Rough handling

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Packaging

• Designing a package requires 3 types of
  information
• Severity of the distribution environment
• Fragility of the product
• Performance characteristics of various cushion
  materials

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Unit Loads in Materials Handling

• A unit load is one or more boxes secured to a
  pallet or skid. The term unitization describes
  this type of handling.
• Basic unit is a pallet or skid
• Lumber is expensive so firms want pallets
  returned
• Provides cushioning effect in transport
• Quality of pallets varies widely
• Chep USA rents pallets in wood or plastic used
  in closed-loop system
• Should be less than 50 poundsdifficult with
  plastic
• Metal also used in closed loop systems

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Figure 15-25 The Building-Blocks Concept of
Packaging A Summary
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Unit Loads in Materials Handling

• Slip sheet can be used in place of pallet
• Saves vertical room
• Weighs far less than pallet
• Requires more care when moving

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Unit Loads in Materials Handling

• Advantages
• Additional protection
• Pilferage is discouraged
• More fragile items can be stacked inside the load
• Mechanical devices can be substituted for hand
  labor

• Disadvantages
• Provides large quantity that sometimes is of
  limited value to resellers dealing in smaller
  quantities
• Must use mechanical or automated device to move

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Figure 5-19 A Battery Powered Lift Truck Used
for Stock Picking
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Unit Loads in Materials Handling

• An intermodal container holds the unit load
• Interchangeable among rail, truck, and water
  carriers
• Air carriers usually use irregular shaped
  containers made to fit fuselage

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Figure 5-21 Various Types of Intermodal
Surface Containers
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Materials Handling

• Materials handling refers to how the materials or
  products are handled physically.
• How the products are handled depends on whether
  they are packaged or in bulk
• Handling may change the characteristics of the
  product

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Materials Handling Principles

• Orientation understand entire system,
  relationship to other systems and physical
  limitations
• Requirements expected performance
• Integrated system coordination of all storage
  handling systems
• Standardization of package sizes
• Just-in-time products not moved until needed
• Unit load handling materials in large blocks

• Minimum travel
• Maximize space utilization
• Ergonomics protect workers from difficult or
  repetitive functions
• Energy efficiency
• Ecology environmental friendly
• Mechanization substitute machines for humans
• Automation very capital intensive less
  flexible
• Flexibility

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Materials Handling Principles

• Simplification avoid overly complicated systems
• Gravity rely on gravity to move materials when
  possible
• Safety
• Computerization
• Systems flow

• Systems flow
• Layout
• Cost
• Maintenance
• Obsolescence
• Team solution

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Problems in Materials Handling
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