PAD190 PRINCIPLES OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

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PAD190 PRINCIPLES OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

• LESSON 2
• HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

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THE OBJECTIVES OF THIS LESSON

• After attended this lecture student should be
  able to-
• Outline the development of public administration
• Identify the political scholars and leaders that
  contribute to the development of public
  administration
• Explain the development of public administration
  in Malaysia.

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INTRODUCTION

• The study on the history and development of
  public administration is actually focus on three
  major issues.
• The major scholarly movements that contribute to
  the formation and establishment of public
  administration.
• The institutional development of public
  administration
• The factors that are shaping the discipline.

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THE MAJOR SCHOLARLY MOVEMENTS IN USA

1. Early 16 century -The classic scholars such as
   Plato, Aristotle and Machiavelli. The birth of
   national state. The governors principally
   emphasized on moral and political human nature.
   The first Western expressions on the methodology
   of government. Max Weber (1864 1920) Theory of
   Bureaucracy.
2. Mid 1800s to 1930s - Lorenz von Stein (1815
   1890) the founder of the science of public
   administration. Wodroow Wilson (1856 1924) the
   farther of public administration. The
   congressional government and of the major
   concept is Separation of politics and
   administration (political and administrative
   dichotomy).

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• 1940s - Luther Halsey Gulick, III (1892 1993)
  summarized the duties of administrators with an
  acronym POSDCORB, which stands for planning,
  organizing, staffing, directing, coordinating,
  reporting, and budgeting .
• Post- World War II - 1970s - The mid-1940s
  theorists challenged Wilson and Gulick. The
  politics-administration dichotomy remained the
  center of criticism in the third generation. In
  addition to this area of criticism, government
  itself came under fire as ineffective,
  inefficient, and largely a wasted effort.

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• 1980s - In the late 1980s, yet another generation
  of public administration theorists began to
  displace the last. What was called New Public
  Management was proposed by David Osborne and Ted
  Gaebler . The new model advocated the use of
  private sector innovation, resources, and
  organizational ideas to improve the public
  sector.
• 1990s - In the late 1990s, Janet and Robert
  Denhardt proposed a new public service model.
  This model's chief contribution is a focus on
  Americans as "citizens" rather than "customers".
  Accordingly, the citizen is expected to
  participate in government and take an active role
  throughout the policy process.

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• Year 2000 - New public management (NPM) focusing
  on themes of reintegrating government
  responsibilities, needs-based holism (executing
  duties in cursive ways), and digitalization
  (exploiting the transformational capabilities of
  modern IT and digital storage).

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PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION REFORMS IN MALAYSIA

• Pre-colonial Period ( before 1500) The Malay
  Rulers dominated the state administration (Feudal
  System). Sultan appointed the administrative
  officials among the people to implement the
  Rulers Orders and Instructions. Maintaining law
  and Collecting taxes.
• British Colonial Period (1874 1957) British
  colonial introduced British administration by
  following the Westminster (England) style of
  public service. British Colonial appointed
  British Residents to implement British Colonial
  Policy. British Colonial Civil Servants (MSC
  MAS) played important roles in administering the
  Federated and Non-Federated Malaya States.

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• Post-Independent Period (1957 1970) The first
  Prime Minister Tunku Abdul Rahman established
  government of The Federation of Malaya and the
  formation of Malaysian in 1963. Parliamentary
  Democracy and Constitutional Monarchy by
  maintaining the British style of administration.
  The Federal Constitution and till now is the
  supreme law. Two types of Malaysian Civil Service
  was established to implement the government
  policy. The Diplomatic Service (PTD) and General
  Service (PTA). The government was the main
  provider of public services.

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• NEP Period (1971 1990) The Mei 1969 tragedy.
  Tun Abdul Razak (1971 1976) took over the
  Premiership from Tunku Abdul Rahman and
  established MAGERAN. Under Tun Razak NEP was
  formulated. Public administration played very
  important role in social and economic
  development. Look East Policy and BCA the motto
  of public administrative. (Red Book) Rural
  development was the focus eg FELDA FELCRA.
  MAMPU Modernization and Manpower Planning Unit
  (1977) . Continued by Tun Hussain Onn (1976
  1981) Tun Dr. Mahathir. Development Era

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• 1990s Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohammad (1981 2003)
  became the fourth Prime Minister. He introduced
  the Vision 2020, Malaysian incorporated,
  privatisation and Islamization policy to change
  and improve the government. Several government
  agencies were privatized eg Telekom and TNB. He
  established many government company (GLCs) to run
  government business (PROTON). MAMPU -
  Modernization and Manpower Planning Unit was
  established. The major government activities was
  on development of mega projects such as
  (development of KLIA). Public administration has
  become the major provider and facilitator of
  private activities. 1996 the government
  introduced MSC and e-government as the new
  initiative to increase the application of ICT in
  the public sector. PFI source of financing of
  government projects (development highways PLUS).

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• Year 2000 Tun Abdullah Ahmad Badawi (2003
  2009) as the fifth Prime Minister. Not many
  policy changes was introduced. The principles of
  Islam Hadhari, Concept of good governance and
  integrity (NIP) in the public sector was also
  introduced. The enhancement of ICT applications
  in the public sector. Government website as the
  online media to disseminate information and
  deliver services.

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• 2009 - Datuk Seri Mohd Najib Tun Razak became the
  sixth Prime Minister. After the appointment, he
  Introduced 1Malaysia concept. Najib is also
  introducing KPI to ensure that every government
  agencies achieve the targets set by the
  government in delivering public services to
  citizens. The slogan Rakyat didahulukan
  Pencapaian di utamakan

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CONCLUSION

• The development or evolution of public
  administration in a particular country is
  significantly related to the social and economic
  development of the state. The government and
  public administration is transforming themselves
  to maximize public value. The existence of
  contemporary public administration is
  significantly related to the past and present
  scenario to ensure that citizens get the best
  assistance from the government.

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TUTORIAL DISCUSSION

• How the evolution and development of public
  administration in Malaysia?
• Who are the leaders that involve in designing the
  formations of the Malaysian public
  administration?
• What are the main institutional features of
  public administration in Malaysia?

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THAT ALL FOR TODAYSEE YOU AGAIN NEXT LECTURE

• LESSON 3
• THEORIES OF PUBLIC ORGANISATION

THANK YOU