Title: ????? Computer Networks
1?????Computer Networks
- http//if.ustc.edu.cn/course/
2???
- Andrew S. Tanenbaum, Computer Networks (5th
Edition), Prentice Hall, 2010 - ???????? (?4?),????,???????
- Larry L. Peterson, Bruce. S. Davie, Computer
Networks A System Approach (5th Edition) ,
Morgan Kaufmann, 2011 - ????????????(?3????4?),???????
3?????????
- ????54????,20????
- ????
- ????70
- ????10
- ????20
4????
5?????????
- ????????????????????????,?????????,???????????????
? - ????????,????????
- ??????????????
??? 1)??????????? 2)???????????
6????????
- ??(link)????????????????
- ???(Point-to-Point)??
- ????(Multiple Acess)/????
- ??(node)?????????,????????????????
7??????????
- ????,??????????????????????
- ???????????????
- ????,???
- ????????
- ??????????????
- ????????????????????
- ??????????
???
8?????????(internet)
- ???????????????????(internet)
- ??????????????????????(Router)/??(Gateway)
- ??????????????,??????????????????
- ??????,????????????????(network)
9??????Internet
- Internet(???)?????????
- ??Internet(???)??
- ????????( Advanced Research Projects Agency
Network ) - ???Internet???
- ??????????Internet,??????????????,???????????????
- Internet???????????????
- Internet????????????????,?????????????????
- ???,????????TCP/IP??,??????Internet
10????
- ?????????????
- ??????????
- ????????????????????,???????
- ???????????
11????
- ??
- ???
- ?????
- ??????????
- ???
- Internet Protocol
- ???
- ???
- ????
12Chapter 1 ??
- 1.1 ??Internet ????
- 1.2 ??Internet????
- 1.3 IPv6???
- 1.4 Internet???
- 1.5 ??????
- 1.6 ?????
- 1.7 ??????
131.1??Internet ????
?????IEEE Infocom 2006 keynote speech, UCLA??,
Len Kleinrock?? "The Internet History,
Development and Forecast" http//www.comsoc.org/v
ideo/infocom/06/index.html
- Internet???(?????,???(internet))
- ??????????,?????????????????,???????(ARPAnet)????,
????TCP/IP??? - ??
- 1969?????????????????ARPAnet
- 1974?,??TCP/IP?????,1980??,??????(DNSDomain Name
System) - 1985?,?????????NSF??TCP/IP???,??NSFNet
- 90???,Internet????,???????????
- 93???????????????(????????,NII,National
Information Infrastructure),??????????????????????
???????, GII(Global Information
Infrastructure)????? - 1997?7?,?????NGI(Next Generation Internet)
- 2005???NSF??GENI(Global Environment for
Networking Innovation)?FIND (Future INternet
Design)
1414
1515
1616
17What was the first message even sent on the
Internet?
- 1844?,?????Morse??????What hath God Wrought
- 1876?,?????Bell?????? Watson, come here. I
want you. - 1969?,Armstrong?????????One Giant Leap for
Mankind.
It was simply a LOGIN from the UCLA computer to
the SRI computer.
Nobody noticed!!
17
181969?12??ARPAnet
?? ?? OS
UCLA(?????????) SDS Sigma 7 SEX
SRI(??????) XDS-940 Genie
UCSB(??????????) IBM 360/75 OS/MVT
UTAH(??????) Digital PDP-10 TENEX
18
191988??NSFNet
19
??
20??
- This large graph shows the router level
connectivity of the Internet as measured by Hal
Burch and Bill Cheswick's Internet Mapping
Project
20
21Chapter 1 ??
- 1.1 ??Internet ????
- 1.2 ??Internet????
- 1.3 IPv6???
- 1.4 Internet???
- 1.5 ??????
- 1.6 ?????
- 1.7 ??????
221.2??Internet????
?????
- 1989?9?,???????????????????????????(NCFC,The
National Computing and Networking Facility of
China),1992?NCFC???????(????????CSTNet) - 1994?5?,NCFC????????Internet,?InterNIC??CN???
- 1994?9?,??????????(Chinanet)??????,96?1??????
- 1994?10?,???????(Cernet)?????
- 1996?9?,?????(ChinaGBN)?????
- 1997?,Chinanet?CSTNet?Cernet?ChinaGBN?????
231.2??Internet????(?)
24????
???2011?12?,??????????3.56?
25(No Transcript)
26Cernet?????
?????
27CERNET??????
28(No Transcript)
29(No Transcript)
30Chapter 1 ??
- 1.1 ??Internet ????
- 1.2 ??Internet????
- 1.3 IPv6???
- 1.4 Internet???
- 1.5 ??????
- 1.6 ?????
- 1.7 ??????
31IPv4????
Fromhttp//ipv6.he.net/statistics/ Date
2011.04.26
321.3 IPv6???
- IPv6 is sometimes also called the Next Generation
Internet Protocol or IPng. - ??
- IPv6 was recommended by the IPng Area Directors
of the Internet Engineering Task Force at the
Toronto IETF meeting on July 25, 1994 in RFC 1752 - The core set of IPv6 protocols were made an IETF
Draft Standard on August 10, 1998.
,RFC2460,Internet Protocol, Version 6
(IPv6),DEC,1998 Specification - 1996?3???IPv6???(6bone)??
- ??
- 1998?4?,CERNET???????IP??(IPv6)???6BONE?8???
863????IPv6???? - 2002?1?,????????????IPv6?????
- 2003?8?,????????????????"?????????????????????",??
??"????????????CNGI"???????2003??2005?????,??IPv6?
?,??CNGI???(??20???30?????) - ???? ,????????????????????
- ????????????,?????????????????????7?????????
- ????,????????????
- ????,???????IPv6???
- CERNET2???????,???2.5G???????????????????
33CERNET2 ???
34??????????????,????NGI NGN
?????
???
1835????
1876??????3.4KHz
1960??????64Kb/s
1988?ISDN 192Kb/s-2Mb/s
1992?B-ISDN 155Mb/s-622Mb/s
2000? ???? Gb/s-Tb/s ???
?????
1976??????9.6Kb/s-64Kb/s
1990?????245Mb/s
NGN
21??? B3G/4G LTE/LTE
2000? W-CDMA(3GPP) CDMA2000(3GPP2)
???
80??????
90??GSM
IP
750MHz1GHz 200ch???TV cable modem
?????
450MHz 60ch.??TV
70??CATV
1994?HFC
NGI
21????WPAN/WLAN/WMAN 802.16(WiMAX)
1997 802.11(WiFi)
70?? 10BASE-5 10Mb/s
80?? FDDI 100Mb/s
90??? 100BASE-T 100Mb/s
97? GBE 1000Mb/s
??????
90??? ATM-LAN
1969? ARPA
1982? TCP/IP
1992? IPv6,RTP RSVP
1998? IP OVER SDH IP OVER WDM
1996? ?3,4???
???
35Chapter 1 ??
- 1.1 ??Internet ????
- 1.2 ??Internet????
- 1.3 IPv6???
- 1.4 Internet???
- 1.5 ??????
- 1.6 ?????
- 1.7 ??????
361.4Internet???
???? Electronic mail FTP Telnet WWW
?????
Video conferencing
???? Intelligent Transportation Systems
Remote control
Internet (Global infrastructure for information
which uses TCP/IP Communication)
???? Information Appliance
Distributed databases
Electronic commerce
IP Phone Video Phone
Remote Education
Telemedicine
Digital video/ audio/applications download
Interconnection of networks (Intranets,VPN)
37?????
???/???
????????gt????,????? ???????? C/S gt p2p
38???P2P
39Chapter 1 ??
- 1.1 ??Internet ????
- 1.2 ??Internet????
- 1.3 IPv6???
- 1.4 Internet???
- 1.5 ??????
- 1.6 ?????
- 1.7 ??????
40???????????
- ??????????????????????????????????????????
- ????????????????,??????????
41??????
- ???????????????????
- ??(Switching)??????????????????,?????????,???????
???????????? - ??(Addressing)??????????????????/??
- ????(Routing)??????????????????,?????,???????????
???????? - ??(Protocol)???????????????????????????,?????????
??
42??
- ????????,?????????(Circuit Switching),????????????
???????????,????????????????????? - ???????,?????????(Packet Switching),????????,?????
????? - ??(Packet) ????????,??????????????
- ????????????????
????
????
43??(?)
- ??????,???????????(Store-and-Forward),????????????
???,????????,??????????????????????? - ????????????
44??(?)
- ???????????????
- ???????????????????????????
- ????(Multiplexing)
- ??????
- TDMTime-Division Multiplexing
- ??????
- FDMFrequency-Division Multiplexing)
Frame
???????????????(Statistical Multiplexing)
45??(?)
- ??????
- ?TDM??,????????????????,?????????????????(time
slot) - ?????????????????,?????????????,?????????,????????
? - ???????????????????????????(Fairness)
- ?????,?????????????,??????????????????????
- ????????????????????
46??
- ?????????(Address)??????,?????????????
- ????(Unicast Address)???????????????
- ????(Broadcast Address)???????????????
- ??/????(Multicast Address)????????????,??????????
????
47????
- ?????????????????????????,???,????????????,???????
????,???????????????????? - ??,?????????????????????????,?????????????
- ??????????????,??????,???????????????,????????????
????
48??
- ??????,?????,?????????????????????????????????????
- ???????
- ????????????????????????
- ?????????
- ??????,???????????????????,????
49????????????????????????????????????????,?????,???
???????????????????????????????????????????
??????,????????????????????????,????????????
???????????????????
50?????
???????
- ????????,??????????????????
- ??????,??????????
- ??????????????
- ????????????????,????????????????
- ?????,??????????????????????????
??3
??6
??1
??5
??4
??2
???????????????,?????????????
51?????
- ?????
- ???????????????????????,??????????
- ???????????????,????????,??????????,??????????????
????
????
52?????
?n1?
?n1?
?n??????
n/n1???
?n?
?n?
?n???
???(Peer Entity)
?n-1?
?n-1?
- ????????????????,???????????,?????????,?????????
- ????????????????????????????????????????
- ????????,???????????????????????,?????????????????
??? - ?????????????????,???????,????????
53????
??????
??????????
????????
????
??????
????
- ??????????(Primitive)???,?????????????????
- ????????????????,??????????,??????????????????????
???
54?????????
n1?
n?
n1?
request
indication
response
confirm
??A
??B
55- ????????
- 1 COENNCT.request dial
- 2 CONNECT.indication ring
- 3 CONNECT.response pick up
- 4 CONNECT.confirm ringing stops
- 5 DATA.request say something
- 6 DATA.indication hears voice
- 7 DISCONNECT.request caller hangs up
- 8 DISCONNECT.indication busy tone
?n1?
?n?
?n1?
?n?
56????
Layer n Protocol
Layer n Protocol
PDU
Layer n-1 Protocol
Layer n-1 Protocol
PDU
- ????????,????????????????(PDUProtocol Data
Unit)?????????????????,??????? - ?????????,???????????????????PDU???,?????????????
??,???????
57???????
- ???(Protocol Stack)??????????????
- ???(Protocol Grpah)???????????????????
- ??????,???????
- ????????????????????????????
- ????????
- OSI????
- Internet????
???
58OSI????
- OSI?????ISO?1983???,??OSI????
- ISOInternational Standards Organization,???????
- OSIOpen Systems Interconnection,??????
- ???,OIS?????????????(?)????,???????????,
?????
??????
?????
?????
?????
??????
59???
- ????
- ???????????????ISDN???????????????????,???????????
?????? - ????????,?????????????,???????????
- ????????
- ????
- ??????????,??????????????????????????
- ?????????(Amplifier)????(Hub)
60?????
- ????
- ???????,????????????,??????,?????????????,????????
??,???????????? - ????????????????????????????
- ????????????????????????????????,????????????????
??,?????????MAC (Media Access Control) - ??????????????????????
- ????
- ??????????HLDCP(High Level Data Control
Procedure) - ?????PPP(Point to Point Protocol)
- ??????(Bridge)?(L2)???(Switch)
???????????????
61???
- ?????????,????????????,?????????????
- ????????????????
- ????
- ATM???????????????????????????(??????????),??????
??????,??????????,????????? - IP?????????????,????????,????,???????????,???????
????? - ????????(L3)???
62???
- ????
- ??????????????,???????????
- ???(end-to-end),???????????,??????????
- ??????????
- ????????????????????????????????(??????????????)
- ???????????,??????
???????????????????????
??????????????????????????(Gateway)
63???????????
- ???????
- ????????????????
- ??????????,??????,????????????,????,??????????????
?,?????? - ???????
- ??????,??????????????,????????????????????
- ??????????????
- ???????
- ??????????????
64Internet????
- ??TCP/IP????
- TCP/IP??Internet????????IP(Internet
Protocol)?TCP(Transmission Control Protocol)
65TCP/IP???
- Applications
- Web
- Email
- Video/Audio
-
- TCP/IP
- Access Technologies
- Ethernet (LAN)
- Wireless (Wimax, WLAN, Cellular)
- Cable
- ADSL
- Satellite
Applications
???????? (????????overlay)
Middleware Services
Narrow Waist
??????????????, ?????????
TCP/IP
Network Technology Substrate
?????????????
Access Technologies
65
66??????
- ??????????????,????????????TCP/IP?????????????????
,??????????? - ?Internet???????????????,?????OSI??????????
- ??????????????????????????
67????
- ??????OSI????????
- ???IP??,?????IP???????????????????,???????????????
IP????????????Internet?????,?????????????????,????
???????
68???
- ??????OSI????????
- ???????
- ??????TCP(Transmission Control Protocol)?????????
????? - ???????UDP(User Datagram Protocol )?????????????
????????????????,?????????????????????TCP,???????
??????????????,????????,???UDP
69???
- ??????????,??ISO???????????
- ????DNS????IP??
- HTTP??WWW??
- FTP????????
- Telnet????????
- SMTP????????
?????????? ??????????????????,????????????
70??????????????????
???
???
???
?????
???
71?????????
???????(???)
??A
???????(??)
???
L2 ???
L2 ???
???????(??)
??B
?????
72Chapter 1 ??
- 1.1 ??Internet ????
- 1.2 ??Internet????
- 1.3 IPv6???
- 1.4 Internet???
- 1.5 ??????
- 1.6 ?????
- 1.7 ??????
73?????
- ???????????????????,??????????,???????????????????
- ????
- ???????????,????????????????IBM
PC????????????,???????????IBM??? - ???????????????????????????
74??????ITU
- ITU International Telecommunication Union
- http//www.itu.int
- ITU????????
- ITU-R??????,?????????
- ITU-T???????,???????????
- V???????????,V.90 56kbps modem
- X?????????,X.25????
- G???????????????,G.726 ADPCM????
- H???????????,H.264(MPEG4 Part 10)????
- Q?????,Q.931
- ITU-D??????,????,????????????????????????
ITU-T?????????????????????????
75???????ISO
- ISO International Standards Organization
- http//www.iso.org
- ISO???????????
- ISO?IEC?????????ISO/IEC JTC1,???????????
- ISO?ITU-T?????????????(ISO?ITU-T?????),??ISO/IEC?M
PEG?ITU-T?VCEG???????JVT(Joint Video
Team)???????????,??ISO/IEC?MPEG-4 Part
10,??ITU-T?H.264
IECInternational Electrotechnical
Commission,??????????
ISO????????????,???ISO?????????????ANSI (American
National Institute),ANSI????ISO???????
76??????????IEEE
- IEEEInstitute of Electrical and Electronics
Engineers - http//www.ieee.org
- IEEE?????????????????????
- IEEE 802??????IEEE 802????,???????????????????????
???MAC(Media Access Control)???? - IEEE 802.3???
- IEEE 802.15?????
- 802.15.1??,802.15.3a ???
- IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n?????
- IEEE 802.16 a/d/e ?????
IEEE????????????,????????????????
77Internt??
- Internet??(Internet Society)???????Internet????,??
????????????????????? - Internet?????????
- Internet???????IAB(Internet Architecture
Board)??????Internet????,?IETF????????? - Internet?????IETF(Internet Engineering Task
Force)Internet?????????? - Internet?????IESG(Internet Engineering Steering
Group)??IETF????????Internet?????
?ITU?ISO?IEEE????????,Internet?????????,???????www
.ietf.org??
78Chapter 1 ??
- 1.1 ??Internet ????
- 1.2 ??Internet????
- 1.3 IPv6???
- 1.4 Internet???
- 1.5 ??????
- 1.6 ?????
- 1.7 ??????
79???????
- ????(Bandwidth)
- ?????????????????,?????bps(bit/s)(Kbps?Mbps?Gpbs?)
- ????(Latency/Delay)
- ????(Propagation),????????
- Propagation Distance / Speed
- ????(Transmit),?????????????
- Transmit Size / Bandwidth
- ???? (Queue),????????????????????????
- ??????(Delay Jitter)
80?????
- ?????(Throughput)
- ???????,?????????????
- ??802.11b????11Mbps,???????????,????????????4Mbps?
? - ?????,????????????????
??????????????????????????,???????????,???????????
???????????
81????