Fundamental

1
Positions for Starting Exercises

• Fundamental Derived Positions

2
Fundamental derived Positions

• Fundamental derived Positions are usually
  described as the starting positions from which
  exercises start.

3
Fundamental Positions

• 5 fundamental positions
• Standing, Kneeling, Sitting, Lying and
  hanging.
• Selection of the suitable position is made
  according to the purpose for which they are
  required.
• They may be to
• 1. utilize support essential for relaxation.
• 2. Train balance.
• 3. Achieve adequate fixation when movement is to
  be localized to specific joint.
• 4. Modify the effect of an exercise to improve
  R.O.M. Or strength.
• 5. Maintain or improve posture.

4
Selection of The Starting Position

• The following should be considered
• The ability of the pt. to assume the position.
• The need to stabilize one segment of the body to
  permit safe efficient movement. .
• The use of gravity for assistance or resistance.
• The presence of pain or discomfort ( the
  position. should be pain free to assure
  relaxation of the pt. .
• The use of a short lever arm versus a long lever
  arm.

5
Derived Positions

• Position of the arms, legs or trunk may be
  altered in each of the fundamental positions to
  modify the effects of the position or that of the
  exercises.
• The purpose for modifications may be to
• 1. Increase or decrease the size and stability of
  the base of support of the body.
• 2. raise or lower the center of gravity (COG)
• 3. Ensure maximum local or general relaxation.
• 4. Provide a control or fixation for a particular
  part of the body to localize movement to a
  particular part of the body to localize movements
  to a specific area.
• 5. Increase or decrease the muscle work required
  to maintain the position.
• 6. Avoid muscle shortening and contractures.
• 7. Avoid joint stiffness and intraarticular
  adhesions.
• 8. Avoid respiratory and circulatory
  complications as pressure ulcers and pneumonia,
  DVD.
• 9. Increase or decrease the leverage.

6
Lying ( supine or backlying )

• Characteristics
• It is the easiest of the whole positions.
• The body is fully supported with a wide
  base of support low centre of gravity
• ( C.O.G.).

7
DERIVED POSITIONS FROM LYING

• Prone lying ( face lying ).
• 2. Side lying.
• 3. Crook lying.

8
Sitting

• Characteristics
• It is a comfortable, natural very stable
  position. The centre of gravity is low but near
  to the edge of the base of support which is the
  area between both the legs of the seat the pt.
  feet.

9
Derived Positions from Sitting

1. Long sitting.
2. Half Sitting.
3. Forward lean sittting.
4. Side Sitting.

10
Kneeling

• Characteristics
• This position is unstable difficult to
  maintain as the C.O.G. falls close to the edge of
  the base, which is the area of the legs only.

11
Derived Positions from Kneeling

1. Kneel sitting.
2. Prone kneeling ( cat pos., quadruped pos., four
   foot pos.)

12
Standing

• Characteristics
• The base of support is very small the
• C.O.G. is high.

13
Derived Positions from Standing

1. Stride Standing.
2. Walk standing.