Title: The Working Cell: Energy from Sunlight
1The Working CellEnergy from Sunlight
2Ch. 8 The Working Cell Energy from Light
- 8.1 Photosynthesis uses light energy to
make food. - 8.2 The light reactions convert light
energy to chemical energy. - 8.3 The Calvin cycle makes sugar from carbon
dioxide. - 8.4 Photosynthesis has a global impact.
38.1 Photosynthesis uses light energy to
make food.
- Objectives
- Describe the structure of a chloroplast.
- Identify the overall reactants and products of
photosynthesis.
48.1 Photosynthesis uses light energy to
make food.
- Key Terms
- Chloroplast
- Chlorophyll
- Stroma
- Thylakoid
- Light reactions
- Calvin cycle
58.1 Photosynthesis uses light energy to
make food.
- Photosynthesis is the process by which plants
other producers convert energy of sunlight to
energy stored in organic molecules. - Chloroplast organelle where photosynthesis
takes place - Chlorophyll chemical that gives a green color
to chloroplasts.
68.1 Photosynthesis uses light energy to
make food.
- Chloroplasts structure is key to its function
- Has an inner outer membrane
- Inner membrane encloses a thick fluid called the
stroma - Suspended in the stroma are thylakoids
disk-shaped sacs
78.1 Photosynthesis uses light energy to
make food.
- Cellular respiration fall of electrons form
glucose to oxygen gives off energy, which is then
used to make ATP. - Photosynthesis is the opposite electrons from
water are boosted uphill by the energy from
sunlight.
88.1 Photosynthesis uses light energy to
make food.
- Excited electrons along with carbon dioxide
water are used by chloroplasts to produce glucose
oxygen.
98.1 Photosynthesis uses light energy to
make food.
- Photosynthesis occurs in 2 main stages.
- Light reactions convert sunlight to chemical
energy - Stored in NADPH ATP
- Calvin cycle makes sugar from carbon dioxide
and H ions from the splitting of water.
108.1 Concept check (QUIZ)
- Draw label a simple diagram of a chloroplast
that includes the following structures outer
inner membranes, stroma, thylakoids. - What are the reactants of photosynthesis, what
are the products? - Name the 2 main stages of photosynthesis. How
are they related?
118.2 The light reactions convert light energy
to chemical energy
- Objectives
- Explain how light interacts with pigments.
- Describe how photosystems help harvest light
energy. - Identify the chemical products of the light
reactions.
128.2 The light reactions convert light energy
to chemical energy
- Key Terms
- Wavelength
- Electromagnetic spectrum
- Pigment
- Paper chromatography
- photosystem
138.2 The light reactions convert light energy
to chemical energy
- Light energy is a form of electromagnetic energy
- Travels in waves (similar to ocean waves)
- Measured by wavelength distance between 2
adjacent waves.
148.2 The light reactions convert light energy
to chemical energy
- Different forms of electromagnetic energy have
characteristic wavelengths - Electromagnetic spectrum the range of types of
electromagnetic energy
158.2 The light reactions convert light energy
to chemical energy
- Pigments chemical compounds that give a
substance its color. - Cause different wavelengths to be
- Absorbed
- Transmitted
- Reflected
168.2 The light reactions convert light energy
to chemical energy
- Paper chromatography lab technique used to
observe different pigments in substances.
178.2 The light reactions convert light energy
to chemical energy
- Harvesting light energy
- Photosystems clusters of pigment molecules
- Chlorophyll a
- Chlorophyll b
- Carotenoids
188.2 The light reactions convert light energy
to chemical energy
- Harvesting light energy
- 1)Pigments absorb light energy
- 2)transfer energy to electrons
- 3)transfer energy to electronacceptor.
- 4)converts to ATP or NADPH.
198.2 The light reactions convert light energy
to chemical energy
- Chemical products of the light reactions
- Oxygen, released as a waste product of the 1st
photosystem. - ATP produced by the release of energy by the
electron transport chain between photosystems. - NADPH produced by the second photosystem
208.2 Concept check
- Explain why a leaf appears green.
- Describe what happens when a molecule of
chlorophyll a absorbs light. - Besides oxygen, what 2 molecules are produced by
the light reactions? - Where in the chloroplast do the light reactions
take place?
218.3 The Calvin cycle makes sugar from
carbon dioxide
- Objectives
- Explain how the Calvin cycle makes sugar.
- Summarize the overall process of photosynthesis.
228.3 The Calvin cycle makes sugar from
carbon dioxide
- The Calvin cycle
- Called a cycle because the starting material RuBP
is regenerated each time the process occurs - RuBP is a 5 carbon sugar
238.3 The Calvin cycle makes sugar from
carbon dioxide
- Into the Calvin cycle
- Carbon dioxide
- ATP
- NADPH
248.3 The Calvin cycle makes sugar from
carbon dioxide
- Outputs of Calvin cycle
- G3P (an energy rich sugar)
- Not yet glucose
- Used by plant to make glucose
- ADP P
- NADP
258.3 The Calvin cycle makes sugar from
carbon dioxide
- Summary of photosynthesis
- Light reactions
- Convert light energy to chemical energy
- Occurs in thylakoids
- Uses water (reactant) releases oxygen (product)
268.3 The Calvin cycle makes sugar from
carbon dioxide
- Calvin cycle
- Occurs in stroma
- Uses ATP NADPH
- Converts carbon dioxide (reactant) to sugar
(product)
278.3 Concept check
- What are the inputs outputs of the Calvin
cycle? - Which stage of photosynthesis uses each reactant
from the overall photosynthesis equation? Which
stage generates each product from the overall
photosynthesis equation?
288.3 Concept check
- Why is the Calvin cycle called a cycle?
- What molecule is the direct product of
photosynthesis? How is that molecule then used
by the plant cell?
298.4 Photosynthesis has a global impact.
- Objectives
- Describe the path of carbon in the carbon cycle.
- Explain how photosynthesis is related to climate.
308.4 Photosynthesis has a global impact.
- Key Terms
- Carbon cycle
- Greenhouse effect
318.4 Photosynthesis has a global impact.
- Processes that occur on a global scale depend on
chloroplasts mitochondrion - Carbon cycle process by which carbon moves from
inorganic to organic back to inorganic.
328.4 Photosynthesis has a global impact.
- Path of carbon in the carbon cycle
- Producers convert inorganic carbon to organic
carbon through photosynthesis. - Consumers eat the producers, may be eaten by
other consumers. - Cellular respiration by both producers
consumers eventually carbon dioxide to the
atmosphere
338.4 Photosynthesis has a global impact.
- Plants other photosynthetic organisms make
about 160 billion metric tons of organic
material. - 80 trillion copies of book
- 25 stacks reaching to the sun.
348.4 Photosynthesis has a global impact.
- Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere traps in heat
greenhouse effect - Keeps world climate warm enough for living
things. - Average 10C warmer than it would be.
- Amount of carbon dioxide in atmosphere is rising.
35Photosynthesis
36Stages of Photosynthesis
37Electromagnetic spectrum
38Pigments Color
39Harvesting Light Energy
40Chemical products of light reactions
41Calvin cycle
42Photosynthesis
43Greenhouse effect
44Light Waves