FIRST AID

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FIRST AID
Presented By
A. K. Mishra
PGT-Geography
JNV, Koraput
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WATCH OUT THE VEDIO
Essential Question?????
What can be done between an accident and arrival
of doctor?
Post your answer in the message board in
introduction page.
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DEFINITION- FIRST AID
Measures to be taken immediately after an
accident not with an idea to cure but in order to
prevent further harm being done.
-Encyclopedia Britannica
OBJECTIVES

• To preserve life.
• To prevent the victims condition from worsening.
• To promote recovery.

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GOALS OF FIRST AID

• Restore and maintain vital function like Air
  passage, Breathing and Circulation
• To prevent further injury
• To reassure the victim and make him or her
  comfortable.

Golden Rule of First Aid
BE CALM- DO NOT PANIC
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ASSESSING THE VICTIM
CIRCULATION
Recovery position
BREATHING
AIRPASSAGE
RESPONSE
DANGER
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ASSIGNMENTS
Post your Answer in the group activity page of
First Aid project in www.thinkquest.com..

• What are the objectives of a First aider?
• What is the golden rule of First aid?
• How to check circulation?
• Why to check danger before providing first aid to
  a patient?
• Name the steps to be followed for assessing the
  victim for first aid.

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RESEARCH
Search through the following books in the library
and web links to find out important information
about First Aid..
BOOKS

• Prathmic Chikitsa in Oriya
• Common First Aid in English

WEB LINKS
http//www.parasolemt. com.au
http//www.workcover. com
www.resus.org.au
www.allergy.org.au
www.nationalasthma. org.au
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SURVEY
Its a group activity. The moot point here are..
Objectives of Survey.
Whom to survey?
Procedure to be Adopted?
Procedure to be Adopted?
Whether to prepare Questionnaire?
Points to be included in Questionnaire?
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INTERVIEWING
The following question needs to be answered
before proceeding for interview?

• Whether go for pre-structured questionnaire or
  Participatory appraisal?
• Whom to survey?
• Whether it should be a sample survey or a whole
  survey?
• Division of work among groups.

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DIVISION OF WORK
GROUP A The members of This group will
Conduct survey Of the class VI and VII
GROUP B The members of This group will
Conduct survey Of the class VIII and IX
GROUP - C The members of This group will
Conduct survey Of the class X and XI (Hum)
GROUP D The members of This group will
Conduct survey Of the class XI (Sc) and XII
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QUESTIONNAIRE
Lets prepare questionnaire keeping the objectives
in mind. Find out the points on which the survey
to be conducted..
Ailment faced? Age of the victim? Danger
points? Who helped? proper first procedure
followed?
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QUESTIONNAIRE
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BLEEDING
Internal
External
Abrasion
Incision
Puncture
Laceration
Amputation
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EXTERNAL BLEEDING
ARTERY
VEIN
CAPILLARY
HEART
Damage to it darker red colour blood tend to flow
Damage to it Bright red colour blood spurt with
each heart beat
Blood move around body under pressure from
heart.
Damage to it bright red colour blood and Oozes.

• Wash the wound with clean water.
• Apply pressure over it to check bleeding.
• Apply bandage.
• Monitor consciousness, pulse and breathing.
• Apply roller bandage in penetrating object
  without removing it.

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INTERNAL BLEEDING
Bleeding from anus, ears, lungs, stomach,
intestines, under the skin, urinary tract etc.
Visible
Conceal
Pale face, thirst, rapid weak pulse, pain or
discomfort, nausea or vomiting, shock

• Treatment
• If conscious, lie the casualty down with legs
  elevated.
• If unconscious, recovery position and elevate the
  legs

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NOSE BLEEDING
Pinch the fleshy part of the nose.
Treatment
Lean casualty slightly forward.
Apply cool, compress to nose.
AMPUTATION

• Treat as for Bleeding from wound.
• Collect the amputated part, keep it dry, DO NOT
  wash or clean
• Placed it in iced water, DO NOT allow amputated
  part to come in direct contact with ice.

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SHOCK
It is a severe life threatening condition should
be treated with top priority.
Causes
Loss of Blood
Abdominal em Emergencies
Loss of Body Fluid
Heart Attack
Sepsis or Toxicity
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Assessment of the Patient
Observation Healthy Shocked
Skin Condition Pink, warm,dry Pale, cold, wet
Conscious State Alert and aware of time and place Altered, confused, aggressive
PulseAdultChildInfant Per Minute60 10090 130120 160 Rapid above upper limits
RespirationAdultChildInfant Per Minute12 2016 2520 30 Rapid above upper limits
SIGN SYMPTOMS

• Pale, cool, clammy skin thirst
• Rapin, shallow breathing rapid, weak pulse
• Nausea and Vomiting
• Loss of body fluids or high temp if sepsis
• Progressive shutdown of bodys vital function

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Treatment of the Patient
CONTROL ANY BLEEDING
IF CONSCIOUS LIE THE CASUALTY WITH ELEVATED LEGS
IF UNCONSCIOUS RECOVERY POSITION WITH ELEVATED
LEGS
MAINTAIN BODY TEMPERATURE
TREAT ANY INJURY
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BURN SCALDS

• Burn are injuries that damage and kill skin
  cells.
• Scalds are caused by contact with wet heat such
  boiling fluid, stream etc.

TYPES OF BURN
Full Thickness
Superficial
Partial Thickness
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CARE TREATMENT

• DOS
• Cool the burn only with clean water.
• Cover with a clean, non-stick sterile dressing
• Remove tight clothing and objects. e.g. ring,
  necklace etc.
• Treat for shock if the burn is severe.
• Avoid contamination in any form
• Seek medical aid if the burn size if larges then
  your palm, child or chemical burn etc.

• DONTS
• Break Blisters.
• Attempt to remove bitumen form the skin or eyes.
• Use lotions or cream.
• Have excessive cooling resulting in shivering

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FRACTURE

• There are 206 bones in the human body.
• The skeleton hold our skin up.
• Bones acts as factories for essential blood cells
  through bone marrow.
• It is the integral part of body strength.
• Some bones have protective function (skull) ,
  some have supportive function (Pelvis), other
  associated with muscles, nerves and blood
  vessels.

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Causes of Fracture
Direct
Indirect
Spontaneous
Green Stick
TYPES OF FRACTURE
CLOSED
COMPLICATED
OPEN
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SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

• Pale , cool, clammy skin
• Rapid, weak pulse
• Pain at the site
• Tenderness
• Loss of Power to limb

• Associated wound
• Associated Organ Damage
• Nausea
• Deformity.

Care Treatment

• Immobilize the affected limbs.
• Adequate splinting the injury
• Check circulation after splint or sling
• Absent of pulse, pale appearance, lack of warmth,
  swelling are sign of tight bandaging.

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FRACTURE ARM/ COLLAR BONE

• Check for pulse in the hand
• Treat any wound
• Pad bony prominences
• Secure splint above and below fracture.
• Reassess pulse
• Apply appropriate sling
• Reassess pulse
• Adjust bandage or sling if required

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FRACTURE OF LEGS

• Check for pulse in the leg.
• Treat any wound.
• Immobilise the limb.
• Pad bony prominences.
• Reassess circulation below injury
• Adjust bandages if required.

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FRACTURE PELVIS

• Call 102 for ambulance.
• Check for pulses in both legs.
• Bend legs at knee
• Support both hips with folded blankets
• Discourage attempts to urinate.
• Adjust bandages if required.
• Care must be exercised as it my leads to serious
  complication.

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FRACTURE JAW

• It is a common injury in sports
• Pain in the jaw, unable to speak properly,
  trouble in swallowing are some of the sign and
  symptom.
• Call 102 for ambulance
• Sit the casualty leaning slightly forward
• Rest the injured jaw on a pad held by the
  casualty.
• Observe breathing carefully.

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DISLOCATION
It involves the displacement of bone from a joint.

• Sign Symptoms
• Sudden pain in the affected joint
• Loss of power and movement
• Deformity and swelling of the joint
• Tenderness
• Temporary paralysis of the injured limb.

• Care Treatment
• Support the limb in comfortable position.
• Seek medical aid.
• Any attempt to reduce a dislocation is to be made
  by doctor only.

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• SPRAIN
• It involves the over-extension of a joint,
  usually with a partial rapture of ligament.
• Sudden pain, loss of power, bruising, swelling,
  tender etc are signs symptoms.
• Treat the patient with RICE
• Seek medical aid.

• STRAIN
• It involves over-stretching of the major muscles
  or tendons.
• Pain increasing on movement, audible crack sound,
  discernible gap between muscle bone,
  tenderness, swelling etc
• RiCE, Avoid stretching for 24 hr

• BRUSING
• It is bleeding by damaged blood vessels below the
  skin.
• History of a blow, pain, tenderness, swelling,
  discolouring,
• RICE, After four hours, gentle exercise.
• RICE Rest, Ice, Compression and Elevate the
  injured part.

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SPINAL INJURY
The spinal column consists of a series of
interconnected bones, called vertebrae, which
enclose the spinal cord, an integral part of
central nervous system.
Parts of Spinal Column
Cervical Spine (neck), 7 vertebrae
Thoracic Spine (Chest), 12 vertebrae
Lumber Spine (back), 5 Vertebrae
Fused Vertebra of the sacrum
A Small Vertebra called Coccyx
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Sign Symptoms

• Any injury to the spinal cord has serious
  ramification like Quadriplegia, paraplegia,
  chronic back pain etc. Its sign symptoms are
• History of trauma
• Pulse my be fast or slow
• Pale, cool, clammy skin
• Absent of feeling in limbs
• Absence of pain in limbs despite of injury
• Inability to move arms
• Onset of shock

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Care Treatment

• Clear air passage with out moving head.
• Call 102 for ambulance.
• Maintain body temperature
• Extreme care during initial examination.
• Immobilise the victim with bandages.

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ASSESSMENT TECHNIQUES

• Formative Assessment
• Summative Assessment
• Authentic Assessment.

A rubric is a scoring guide that clearly
differentiates levels of student performance. It
provides a clear description of quality student
work and serves as a guide for students as they
work to meet or exceed performance standards
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Critical Thinking

• Essential Question
• Provocative
• Open-ended
• Challenging
• Related to Life and Experiences
• Consistant with curriculum Standard
• Significant

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Project Based Learning

• Lunching Project
• Milestones
• Planning Resources
• Direct Instruction
• Assessment
• Capturing Artifacts
• Celebrating Completion

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THANKS