CITES and Succulents

1
CITES and Succulents

• An introduction to succulent plants covered by
  the Convention on International Trade in
  Endangered Species

2
What This Presentation Will Cover

• Introduction to succulent plants
• Succulent plants on CITES
• Implementing CITES for succulent plants

3
Introduction to Succulent Plants
4
What Are Succulent Plants?
5
Why Protect Succulent Plants?
6
Global Trade
7
What Groups Are Controlled?
8
Cacti
9
Succulent Plants on CITES
10
Succulent Euphorbia
11
Euphorbia Characteristics - Latex
12
Euphorbia Characteristics - Spines and Flowers

• Spines
• Needle like or
• Complex
• In pairs
• Flowers
• Inconspicuous
• Showy bracts

13
Global Distribution of Succulent Euphorbia
No. Euphorbia taxa
250
200
150
100
50
1
0
Source Carter Eggli (1997)
14
Euphorbia Trade
Major Importer
Major Exporter
Source UNEP-WCMC CITES trade data 1997-2001
15
Aloe
16
Aloe Characteristics
17
Aloe or Agave?
Aloe
Agave
Aloe
Agave
Agave
Aloe
18
Global Distribution of Aloe
No. Aloe taxa
150
100
50
1
0
19
Aloe Trade
Major Importer
Major Exporter
Source UNEP-WCMC CITES trade data 1997-2001
20
Pachypodium
21
Pachypodium Characteristics
22
Global Distribution of Pachypodium
No. Pachypodium taxa
30
15
1
0
23
Pachypodium Trade
Major Importer
Major Exporter
Source UNEP-WCMC CITES trade data 1997-2001
24
Other Succulent Taxa Listed on CITES
Agave
Alluaudia
Fouquieria
25
Other Succulent Taxa Listed on CITES
26
Medicinals
27
Succulent Plants on CITES Summary
28
Implementing CITES for Succulent Plants
29
Enforcement
30
Enforcement - Checks

• Check
• Documents
• Country of origin
• Packaging
• Shipments
• Trade routes

31
Wild or Artificially Propagated? - Key
Characteristics
32
Wild or Artificially Propagated?
AP - shipment
Wild - shipment
Wild - growth form
AP - growth form
33
Wild or Artificially Propagated?
AP - spines
Wild - roots
Wild - spines
Wild - leaves
AP - leaves
AP - roots
34
Implementation Summary
35
Additional Slides
36
Exemptions
37
Nursery Registration
38
The CITES Definition of Artificially Propagated
39
Detecting Detrimental Trade?The Burden on
Exporting Countries

• Article IV of the convention states that an
  export permit shall only be granted when, inter
  alia,
• A Scientific Authority of the state of export has
  advised that such export will not be detrimental
  to the survival of that species

40
Detrimental Trade - How and Why?

• Insufficient resources to implement Article IV of
  CITES
• Poor implementation of export bans on wild plants
• Smuggling

41
Tillandsia Air Plants