What do you see in this painting?

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• What do you see in this painting?
• How does it feel?
• What do you think the painting is about?
• What time period is this painting?
• Who do you think painted this piece?

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GuernicaPablo Picasso, 1937

• Picasso was a famous Spanish painter, 1881-1973.
  
• The canvas is very large, 11x 25 feet

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• Depicts the bombing of Guernica, a historical
  Spanish Basque town, by the Nazis.
• Killed a thousand people, one out of eight
  people.

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• As we go through these notes, please write down
  the questions and then answer (short summary,
  bullet points) in your notes.

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What were the Causes of the Spanish Civil War?

• tensions between industrial democratic peoples
  and supporters of agrarian feudalism
• regional independence movements (especially in
  Catalonia and Basque territory) vs. nationalism
• dispute over the role of the Catholic Church

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• Who led the Fascist side of the Spanish Civil
  War?
• How did other countries help the Civil War?
• How did Hitler use the Civil War as a test for
  WWII?

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Spanish Civil War1936-1939

• Until 1931 Spain was a monarchy
• In 1931 a republic was established, run by
  socialist and liberals (called Republicans).
• Spain was facing many problems, especially during
  the economic depression.
• 1936 a revolt began in favor of
• a fascist government, led by
• General Francisco Franco and
• supported by army leaders.

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Support from the outside

• Western democracies and the Allied Powers were
  reluctant to get involved in the civil war. Only
  the Soviet Union sent aid (to the Republicans).
• 2,000 Americans unofficially volunteered to help
  the Republican side (Lincoln Brigade)

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Support from the outside

• Hitler and Mussolini sent weapons, tanks, air
  planes and troops to aid the Nationalist. The
  Spanish Civil war became a weapons testing ground
  for the Axis Powers of WWII.

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Support from the outside

• Non-government groups sent aid
• Ford, Texaco, Firestone, and General Motors sent
  tires, trucks, etc.

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Hitler sent his famous Condor Legion. This was
a group of skilled pilots with new planes that
were skilled at dive bombing..
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They bombed the city of Guernica and slaughtered
the inhabitants. Women and children were killed.
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The Bull in the painting is a symbol of Spain.
The bull observes the destruction in front of
him.
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The fallen warrior is from the legend of
Parsifalwhose sword breaks in half at the
crucial moment of battle.
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The fallen warrior is also laid out in a crucifix
position
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The slashes on the horse are representative of
newsprintthe newspaper that lists those who have
died.
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The light in the middle of the painting may mean
violence
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There are terrible imagesa woman holding a dead
child.
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A person burning in a fire
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Some say that Picasso painting an open door so
that he could escape from the violence.
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Guernica has come to be one of the most famous
paintings of our modern age--
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Picasso

• Picasso was a supporter of the Republican Party
  and disliked Franco and his Fascist party, who
  was supported by the Nazis.
• Made a series of prints leading up to his
  masterpiece Guernica which expressed his dislike
  of Franco.
• Guernica was shown throughout the world to
  protest war
• Picasso said that it should not return to Spain
  until after Francos death

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Child refugees from Spain
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• The civil war lasted three years, the Republicans
  could not defeat the Nationalist Francos
  professional army.
• 500,000-600,000 people lost their lives
• Franco became Spains dictator.

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Lessons Learned (that lead to WWII)

• Hitler learns Britain and France were not
  prepared to oppose aggressive military action
• Stalin feels Britain and France may not honor the
  Locarno Pact and aid Soviet Union if Hitler
  attacks
• - helps push Stalin to sign Non-Aggression Pact
  with Hitler in mid-1939
• Italy and Germany closer together

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Franco remained neutral during WWII, so Spain did
not go through the devastation of World War
II.Franco died in 1975.
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Credits

• this PowerPoint was adapted from one created by
  Mrs. Sigrid Olsen at Sprague High School in
  Salem, OR http//sprague2.net/staff/olsen_sigrid/
  pp_links.php