Medication Preparations and Supplies

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Chapter 4

• Medication Preparations and Supplies

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Oral
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Tablet

• Disc of compressed drug may be coated to enhance
  easy swallowing. May be scored

4
Enteric-coated tablet

• Tablet with special coating that resists
  disintegration by gastric juices

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Timed-release (Sustained-Release)

• Capsule containing drug particles that have
  various coatings that differ in the amount of
  time required before coatings dissolve

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Lozenge

• Tablet containing palatable flavoring, indicated
  for a local (often soothing) effect on the throat
  or mouth

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Suspension

• Liquid form of medication that must be shaken
  well before administration because the drug
  particles settle at the bottom of the bottle

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Emulsion

• Liquid drug preparation that contains oils and
  fats in water

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Elixir, fluid extract

• Liquid drug forms with alcohol base

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Syrup

• Sweetened, flavored liquid drug form

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Solution

• Liquid drug form in which the drug is totally
  evenly dissolved

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Rectal
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Suppository

• Drug suspended in a substance, such as cocoa
  butter, that melts at body temperature

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Enema solutuion

• Drug suspended in solution to be administered as
  an enema

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Injectable
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Solution

• Drugs suspended in a sterile vehicle

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Powder

• Dry particles of drugs to be mixed with a sterile
  diluting solution

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Intravenous

• Injected directly into a vein (immediate
  absorption)

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Intramuscular

• Injected into a muscle positioning the needle at
  a 90-degree angle

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subcutaneous

• Injected into the fatty layer of tissue below the
  skin by positioning the needle at a 45-degree
  angle

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intradermal

• Injected just beneath the skin, by positioning
  the needle bevel up and the syringe at a
  15-degree angle

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epidural

• Injected into a catheter that has been placed by
  an anesthesiologist in the epidural space of the
  spinal canal.

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intracardiac

• Injected directly into the heart

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intraspinal

• Injected into the subarachnoid space which
  contains cerebrospinal fluid that surrounds the
  spinal cord.

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Intracapsular (intra-articular)

• Injected into the capsule of a joint, usually to
  reduce inflammation as in bursitis

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Topical
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Cream or ointment

• Semisolid preparation containing a drug

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lotion

• A liquid preparation applied externally for
  treatment of skin disorders

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liniment

• Preparation for external use that is rubbed on
  the skin as a counterirritant

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Dermal patch

• Skin patch containing drug molecules that can be
  absorbed through the skin at varying rates to
  promote a consistent blood level between
  application times

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Eye, ear, and nose drops (gtt)

• Drugs in sterile liquids to be applied by drops

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Eye ointment

• Sterile semisolid preparation, often antibiotic
  in nature, for ophthalmic use only

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Vaginal Creams

• Medicated creams, often of antibiotic or
  antifungal nature that are inserted vaginally
  with the use of a special applicator

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Rectal and Vaginal Suppositories

• Drug suspended in a substance, such as cocoa
  butter, that melts at body temperature, for local
  effect

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Douche solution

• Sterile solution, often as an antiseptic such as
  povidone iodine solution and sterile water, used
  to irrigate the vaginal canal.

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Buccal tablet

• Tablet that is absorbed via the buccal mucosa in
  the mouth

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Sublingual tablet

• Tablet that is absorbed via the mucosa under the
  tongue

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Inhalable
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Spray or Mist

• Liquid drug forms that may be inhaled as fine
  droplets via the use of spray bottles,
  nebulizers, or metered dose inhalers.

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Gas

• Anesthetics, such as nitrous oxide, that are
  introduced via the respiratory route for general
  anesthesia