Chordates

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Chapter 34

• Chordates

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Phylum Chordata

• characterized by animals that possess at some
  point in their lives a notochord, a dorsal nerve
  cord, and _______ pouches.
• The ______________is later modified into a hard
  bony backbone
• The ________________ is a hollow tube that will
  later become modified into a spinal cord and
  brain
• The ___________ pouches will later modify into
  ear and throat parts or gills

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Two living ancestors

• Urochordata _______ shaped tunicates
• _______ salt water
• Nickname __________

• Cephalocordata __________
• Scaleless fish-like

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Agnatha Jawless Fishhad circular mouths

• _____________ - slimy
• ____________
• Mouth has hooks and
• strong sucker with __________-like tongue

• _________ covered in mucus
• ______________
• Enter dead fish and
• eat the insides

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Vertebrates

• Amphibians, fish, reptiles, birds, mammals
• Have a true _____________
• ____________ is replaced by a bony vertebral
  column
• A protective bone (__________/skull) covers the
  brain
• Possess an ______skeleton which allows them to
  grow larger than all other phylum of animals

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Fish

• Over ______ of all vertebrates are fish
• Breathe through ________
• Blood circulation is in a single-loop and flows
  _________________ with the water

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Cartilaginous Fish

• Sharks skates, and rays
• Skeleton is made of _____________ not bone
• Most have remained unchanged for _____________of
  years
• They were the first vertebrates to develop teeth
  (from their ___________) and jaws (from their
  ______________)
• Sharks stay buoyant using an ____________
• Have special pits in their snout called
  ________________ to pick up electrical signals
• Most use _____________________ to breathe

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____________
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Bony Fish

• Endoskeleton made of bone
• Stay buoyant using a __________________ which is
  inflated and deflated with ______
• Both sharks and bony fish have a ______________
  with sensory pits to detect mechanical waves in
  the water
• Bony fishs gills are protected by an outer hard
  shield called the ______________
• Have __________ in most fins
• Fins without spines are called ___________ fins
• Most use _______________ pumping to breathe

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Amphibians

• Frogs, toads, salamanders, _________, and the
  caecilian of South America
• Fish that could breathe out of land for long
  periods of time evolved into amphibians
• Most have legs the _____________ is legless
• Can breathe (diffusion) directly through their
  moist skin _____________ respiration.
• First animal to develop a lung no __________
• ____chambered heart is partially divides
  oxygenated blood from deoxygenated blood
• reproduction is external and must take place
  near water eggs are jelly-like and permeable to
  ________

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Reptiles snakes, lizards, turtles, tortoises,
crocodilians, tuataras

• Evolved from amphibians
• Developed a waterproof skin by using the
  protein ___________ to fill their epidermal cells
• First to have real __________
• First to have ___________ water-tight eggs to
  conserve water

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______________ organ located on the roofof the
mouth - senseschemicals taste the air
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Birds

• Evolved from reptiles as did mammals
• Possess ___________ skin and shelled eggs like
  reptiles
• Warm blooded
• have feathers
• ________- warmth
• ______ streamline
• shape and colors
• flight flight
• Large ______ for
• pectoral attachment

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Bird heart

• Highest heart rate of any animals
• Very efficient ____ chambered heart that keeps
  blood from mixing
• Highly adapted lungs with many ________

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Types of birds

• Long _____ wading
• Birds of _______
• __________ birds
• _______ birds
• ______ birds
• _____

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Mammals

• Only animals to have _________
• Warm blooded
• Secrete milk from ____________ glands
• Have specialized _______ (canines, incisors,
  molars)
• Placental carry their young in a _________ and
  nourish them through a blood rich tissue called
  the placenta
• Marsupials carry their young in a _________
• Monotremes _____________ mammals
• 4 chambered heart __________ separates cavities

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Placentals Marsupials
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Monotremes