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Title: By: Emily Millet


1
Nerve Damage and Neurodegeneration
  • By Emily Millet
  • And Olivia Hitt

2
What is Nerve Damage?
  • Nerve damage is also called neuropathy it is when
    the nerves of your body die. It may affect the
    peripheral nerves or autonomic nerves. It can
    affect either one or multiple nerves at one time.
    There are three types of nerves in your body
    autonomic nerves, sensory nerves, and motor
    nerves. The nervous system controls everything
    your body does and if the nerves begin to be
    damaged, you cant replace them. That is the
    reason why nerve damage is so difficult to deal
    with.

3
WHATCAUSESNERVEDAMAGE?
Cancer Cancerous masses can push up against
nerves and crush them. Some cancers could also
cause nutritional deficiency, and treatments for
cancer such as radiation and chemotherapy can
also cause nerve damage.
Autoimmune diseases There are quite a few
autoimmune diseases that can cause nerve damage
such as multiple sclerosis, Guillain Barre
Syndrome, lupus, and inflammatory bowel disease.
Traumas Some of these traumas can include a
pinched nerve in the neck, carpel tunnel
syndrome, and injuries from being crushed.
Diabetes As much as 50 of all diabetics have
nerve damage- This can worsen as the disease
progresses. This is a serious problem and can
affect all types of nerves.
Infectious Disease Some infectious diseases can
cause nerve damage such as Lyme disease,
Hepatitis C, HIV, and the herpes virus.
4
Diagnosis and Treatment of Nerve Damage
  • Diagnosis
  • Nerve damage can be diagnosed through physical
    exam, ultrasound, or MRI.
  • Treatment
  • - Some treatments could include injections of
    steroids and anesthesia such as lidocane into the
    affected area can provide temporary relief. Nerve
    and tendon surgery have helped other people. The
    best treatment is to discuss with your doctor
    what your options are and if they are surgically
    correctable or not.

5
Neurodegeneration
  • Neurodegeneration is the breaking down of neurons
    within the human body. As the neurons begin to
    lose structure and function, this causes the
    nerve cells to die. (Also called apoptosis.)
    Many scientists say the cause behind
    Neurodegeneration is the death of nerve cells and
    also, misalignment of proteins within the brain.

6
Alzheimer's Disease
  • Alzheimer's disease is not only the death of
    neurons, but the degeneration of other segments
    of the brain including the frontal lobe, parietal
    lobe, and the frontal cortex. It is the most
    common type of dementia. It is most often
    diagnosed in elderly people over the age of 65.
    This is a serious and devastating disease to have
    but with the right resources and early detection,
    you can slow its affects on a person.
  • Progression through the three stages
  • Stage One Mild- This stage is often overlooked
    at first, because it is associated with all of
    the common signs of aging and it can take quite a
    while for a caretaker to notice when all the
    while the person with this disease is having
    trouble making sense of everything around them.
  • Stage Two Moderate- In this stage, the disease
    begins to affect the areas of the brain that
    controls reasoning, speech and language, sight,
    and thought. Most people often experience
    difficulty performing tasks that were once second
    nature such as bathing and restroom habits.
  • Stage Three Severe- This is the most advanced
    and last stage of Alzheimer's. At this stage,
    brain and nerve damage is extensive. By this
    stage, most victims have trouble walking,
    recognizing familiar and family faces, they
    refuse to eat, and they typically have trouble
    completing activities necessary to daily living.
    At this stage, full-time care is typically a must.

7
Parkinson's Disease
  • Parkinson's disease affects the nervous system of
    the human body. It can limit a persons ability to
    control muscle movements. It is caused by a slow
    and gradual loss of certain cell in the brain
    which make chemical dopamine, a chemical needed
    to make you muscles function properly.
  • As a result of this disease, some people have
    trouble walking and experience uncontrollable
    shaking of the arms, legs, and hands.
  • Once the disease has progressed to the most
    serious step, the person must walk in a style
    called shuffling gait which is small steps and
    slow movement.

8
Factors affecting Parkinson's
  • Although scientists are not sure what causes
    Parkinson's disease, they think genetics may be a
    factor and environmental toxins may also be a
    contributor to this terrible disease.
  • As many as 1,000,000 people in the United States
    alone are diagnosed with Parkinson's disease each
    year. Parkinson's is more common in patients over
    the age of 60. Medical treatments can relieve the
    symptoms of Parkinson's disease while scientist
    continue to search for a cure.

9
Stages of Parkinson's Disease
  • Stage 1- Tremors begin on one side of the body.
  • Stage 2- Tremors begin to occur on both side of
    the body.
  • Stage 3- First signs in loss of balance occur,
    person is still independent.
  • Stage 4- Person may begin to need help with
    daily activities, at this stage they are unable
    to live alone.
  • Stage 5- The person is confined to a bed or
    wheelchair unless assisted.

10
Huntington's Disease
  • Huntingtons disease is a incurable
    neurodegenerative disorder that controls the
    muscle within the body. This is caused by a
    mutation on the fourth chromosome and if a
    parents of a child possesses that trait for the
    disease, there is a 50 chance that the child
    will contract the disease.
  • Huntington's disease creates a misfolded protein
    that affects the way nerves in the brain
    communicate with one another.
  • This disease is not fatal, but if you fall victim
    to other illnesses such as cardiovascular disease
    ,pneumonia or injury from a fall, you are given a
    life span of approximately 20 years from the date
    of diagnosis.

11
Life With Huntington's Disease
  • Just like these other neurodegenerative diseases,
    the later stages of these obstacles in life often
    require more care than earlier on because at this
    point the person is unable to care for themselves
    mentally or physically.
  • The two ways to diagnose Huntingtons disease are
    to notice the symptoms and consult with your
    doctor, or be tested for the disease if your
    family has a history of it. Huntingtons disease
    is a dominant gene and people who have it in
    their family blood lines are usually eager to be
    tested to see if fate played in their favor.

12
Bibliography
  • www.efacts.com/_nerve_damage_facts
  • www.hamenda.com
  • www.sciencedaily.com/.../11/091115134134.htm
  • http//www.gs.washington.edu/labs/pallanck/researc
    h/neuro.htm
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