??????? durian

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????? 4 ???????
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??????? durian Durio
zibethinus Murr. Bombacaceae or
Bombaceae ???? white silk cotton
tree Ceiba pentandra Gaertn.
???? kapok tree cotton tree red cotton
tree shaving brush silk cotton tree
Bombax ceiba L. ???? balsa
tree corkwood tree Ochroma lagopus
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????
????
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Origin Indonesia, Malaysia

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Distribution Thailand, Philippines,
Malaysia, Indonesia, Mynmar, India, Sri Lanka
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D. zibethinus ??????????? D. malaccensis
?????????? D. griffithii
????????? D. mansonii ???????????????? D.
lowianus ????????????????? D. dulcis,
D. graveolens, D. kutejensis, D. oxleyanus, D.
grandiflora
?????????
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Botany - Habit Evergreen tree,
80-150 yrs of age canopy densed,
pyramidal 20-40 m high.
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- Stem Ø 50-120 cm bark dark gray,
rough, scaly, longitudinally split.
Branches thin, reddish brown.
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- Leaves Simple, alternate, shape narrowly
lanceolate or obovate adaxial glabrous,
glossy abax. golden yellow, gray or
reddish brown, pubescent veins 10-20
pairs petiole Ø 0.15-0.35 x 1.5-3.0 cm
stipule lanceolate.
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- Flower Solitary or in cluster of 3-30
flowered Ø 5.0-7.5 cm, drooping. ? K (4-6) C
4-5 A 5(6-11) G (4-5)
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- Fruit Capsule shape globose, ovate, oblong
or pyriform Ø 15-25 cm x 15-30 cm spine
yellow or yellowish green, pyramidal shaped
fruit stem with specific appearance aril
from funiculus and outer integument, texture
fine or coarse, pale yellow to orangish
yellow.
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(No Transcript)
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- Seed Cordate, 2-6 seeded, large or
aborted seed coat pale brown, glossy
embryo white.
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??????? durian Durio zibethinus Murr. 1.
????????????????? (x ¼) 2. ?? (x ¼) 3.
??????????? (x ¼) 4. ??????????????? (x 1/3)
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1. ??????????????????? - ??????????????????????
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????????????????????????????????????
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Propagation 1. Sexual RS -
????????????????? - ????????????????
- ?????????? SC - chance
seedling - breeding programme
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Propagation (conti.) 2. Asexual -
air layering (30-40 d) - simple
inarching embracing - saddle inarching
(40-45 d) - flap budding (20 d)
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Planting and cares ?????????
?????????? 1. Spacing 8 x 8 ..10 x 10 ..12 x
12 ..15 x 15 m 2. Shading ??????? ????????
????????
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Planting and cares 3. Irrigation seedling
- 6 mon, juvenile plant, at flowering and
fruiting 4. Fertilizer application
green manure, 111, 121, 133
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Planting and cares (conti.) 5. Flower
thinning 6. Fruit thinning 7. Harvesting
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Growth and Development 1. Floral initiation
cauliflorous - cauliflory 2. Flower growth 7
???? 1. ?????? 2. ???????????? 3.
????????? 4. ??????? 5. ?????? 6.
??????????????? 7. ??????
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Growth and Development (conti.) 3. Pollination
protogyny ? protoandry bloom 0900
.... 1600 .. 1700 hr receptive period
1200-1400 hr anthesis
1900 hr
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Growth and Development (conti.) 4. Fruit set
? number of flowers self-pollination 0-10
fruit set, cross-pollination
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????????
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Problems in fruit set 1. Protogyny
6-7 hrs. 2. Floral structure drooping 3.
Pollinator insects (bees) wind
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Crop management
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Fruit growth - flowering ? harvest
- early 161-175 d ???? ?????????? ???
????????? ?????????? - medium 176-190 d
???? ??????? ??????? ??????????? - late
191-205 d ???? ????????? ???????
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Precocity - air-layering - early 4-6
yrs ???? ????????? ??? ??????? - medium
6-8 yrs ???? ??????? ??????? ????????? -
late gt 8 yrs ???? ?????? ??????
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?????????????????? (???) 2. ???????
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??????????????????????????????????
?????? ?????? ????????? ???? 1 ???? 2
???? ????? 1 2 3 3 1 2 3 3 3-
??????? (??) 2.0 3.5 2.0 3.0 3.5 lt 4.5 3 gt 1.0 lt 2.0
??????? ?????? ?????? ??????
??????? ????? ??????? 3/2 ??????? 3/2 2/3
??????? (??) 2.0 - 4.5 gt 4.5 lt 6.0 2.0 3 4.5
??????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????
??????? ????? ??? 3/2 ??? ??? 3/2 3/2
??????? (??) 3.1 - 4.5 2.0-3.0 2.5-4.5 2.1-3.0 1.5 2.0
??????? ?????? ?????? ??????
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???????????????? 1. ?? -
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4. ??? - ????????????????? ??????????
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5. ???? - ??????????? ????? ???????????????????
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???????????????? (???) 6.
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???????????????? (frozen
durian) 1. ????????????????????????
???????????????????? ???????????????????
???
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????????????????
(???) 2. ?????????????????????????????
??????????????????? ?? ????????
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???????????????? (???) 2.
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??? ?? ???????? ?????????? 2.1 ????
Individual Quick Frozen (IQF)
?????????????? -40 ? ??? 30 ???? (???????)
??? 40 ???? (????) ????????????????????????
????????? 200-450 ???? ????? ???????? shrink
film ?????????? -20 ??? -25 ?
??????????????? 12 ????? ????????????
????????????????????????? 7 ?????
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???????????????? (???) 2.2 ???? Contact
???????????????????????? ????????? 200-450
???? ??????????????????????? -40 ? ??? 4
??????? ?????????????????? ?????????????
???????? shrink film ?????????? -20 ??? - 25
? ??????????????? 6 ?????
???????????? ???? 6 ?????????????? ??????
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480x450x230 ??. 12 ??.
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