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Risk Assessment and Monitoring for Environmental Chemicals

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Risk Assessment and Monitoring for Environmental Chemicals By Abdullah Al- Darmaki Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries Oman E-mail : darmaki2a_at_yahoo.com – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Risk Assessment and Monitoring for Environmental Chemicals


1
Risk Assessment and Monitoring for Environmental
Chemicals
  • By
  • Abdullah Al- Darmaki
  • Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries Oman
  • E-mail darmaki2a_at_yahoo.com

2
Introduction to Oman
  • The Sultanate of Oman occupies the southeastern
    part of the Arabian Peninsula.
  • Oman extends between latitude 26 20 and 16 40
    North and between longitude 59 40 and 51 50 East
    , along the Gulf of Oman and the Arabian Sea,
    from the Straits of Hormuz in the north to the
    Yemeni border in the south.

3
  • HEAD OF STATE His Majesty Sultan Qaboos bin Said
    (since 1970)
  • AREA 300,500 sq. km.
  • NEIGHBOURING COUNTRIESYemen Arab Republic,
    Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the United Arab
    Emirates.
  • POPULATION 2,331,391 (2003 Census)
  • The official language is Arabic. Islam is the
    official religion, but other religions are
    tolerated.
  • CAPITAL Muscat
  • CURRENCY Rial Omani (OR) of 1,000 baizas
    US2.58
  • NATIONAL DAY 18th November
  • TIME DIFFERENCE GMT 4 hours

4
Topographic of Oman
  • The topographic of Oman is varies between plains
    which occupied 3 of the total land ( Batinah
    and Dhofar ),mountains which occupied 15 of the
    total land ( Muscat , Dhaklya and Musandam ) and
    sand dunes which occupied 82 of the total land
    ( Wasta , Sharqiya and Daherah ) .
  • Oman divided into 8 regions which are Muscat ,
    Musandam , Wasta , Dhofar,Batinah, Sharqiya ,
    Daherah , and Dhaklya.

5
Climate of Oman
  • The climate differs from one area to another. It
    is hot and humid in the coastal areas in summer
    while it is hot and dry in the Interior.
  • Rainfall is generally light and irregular
    although heavy rains and thunderstorms can cause
    severe flooding
  • Average temperatures in the south, Dhofar region
    has a moderate climate and the pattern of
    rainfall is more predictable with heavy monsoon
    rains occurring regularly between May and
    September.
  • the north of Oman are 32 - 48 0C from May to
    September 26 - 36 0C from October to April.

6
Monitoring Activities on Chemicals
  • The registration and monitoring activities on
    chemicals including pesticides is a sharing
    process between many concerned department in the
    government which there is a cooperation between
    them in order to maintain the complete monitoring
    activities.
  • Monitoring activities on chemicals
  •  
  • Ministry Ministry of Ministry of
    Royal Ministry of
  • of Health Regional Commerce and
    Oman Agriculture
  • Municipalities Industry
    Police and Fisheries
  • Environment

7
Ministry of Agricultural and Fisheries
  • Directorate General of Agriculture
  • Department of Plant Protection

Seedling and Seeds Health Section
Locust Control Unit
Plant Quarantine Section
Plant Protection section
8
Pesticides in Agriculture
  • It is clear that the pesticides is required in
    the modern agriculture , so that it is occupied
    an important part in the ministry of agriculture
    and fisheries activities.
  • Department of plant protection in the directorate
    general of agriculture is the department in the
    ministry of agriculture which are responsible
    providing and using the pesticides for plant
    protection and caring out the national
    controlling programs and issuing pesticides
    permit.

9
Pesticides and Environment Doubs BugOmmatissus
Lybicus(Tropiduchidae Homoptera)
  • Date Palm tree is one of an important economic
    tree in Oman .There are 8 mullion trees
  • Yearly there is a national aerial spray program
    on the date palm trees to control the doubs bug
    which is done tow time / year.
  • The reason for spraying this bug twice a year is
    the presence of two generations. One started in
    April and called spring generation and the other
    started in October and called winter generation.

10
  • In this process large quantity of pesticides are
    used to cover large area of date palm trees in
    most regions of Oman
  • ( villages ).
  • Target area is a very large area more than 30,000
    acres sprayed using more than 40,000 liters of
    pesticides per each generation
  • This infestation is an historical problem, which
    in our days now have already more than 25 years
    in Oman

11
Table ( 1 ) represents the amount of pesticide
used and sprayed area in many regions of Oman in
the winter generation 2004 against doubs bug in
date palm trees .
Area sprayed ( acre ) Amount of Pesticide ( liter ) Regions
7158 8495 Batinah
4385 6345 Dhaklya
3649 5925 Daherah
8708 13040 Sharqiya
800 800 Musandam
24700 34605 Total
12
Table (2) type of pesticides used in aerial spray
Dosage Years of use Group Type of Pesticides
1.5L/ acre 1990 - 1993 Organo phosphorus Dichlorophose
1 L / acre 1993 - 1997 Organo phosphorus Malathion 96 ULV
0.8 L/ acre 1997 - 2002 Organo phosphorus Fenitrothion 96 ULV
0.8 L/ acre 2003 until now Organo Phosphorus pyrethroid Sumi combi alpha 49ULV
13
Pesticides Lap
  • There is no study for the effect and side effect
    of the pesticides on human ( staffs who are
    responsible of the spray and the farmers ) ,
    useful wild organism in the agriculture fields
    product , example the polluted insects , birds
    etc , soil, water and environment .
  • From this training course I am looking forward to
    learn , see and gain techniques which are used
    to measure and monitor the environmental
    chemicals and the risk assessment of monitoring
    it in the plants , soil, water, etc.

14
Ministry of Regional Municipalities Environment
  • Due to the rapid industrial and agricultural
    developments regulation was set up to control
    pesticides and chemicals imported and used in the
    Sultanate.

15
Department of Chemical Substances
  • According to Article (6) of the Royal Decree the
    Department of Chemicals substances was
    established.
  • Department Functions
  • 1- Conducting Chemical analysis to determine the
    level of toxicity and hazardousness.
  • 2- Granting permits for the use ,import,
    manufacturing and handling of hazardous
    chemicals.
  • 3- Keeping a record of the hazardous chemicals in
    order to establish a hazardous chemicals databank
    .
  • 4- Classifying chemicals in accordance with the
    national and international classifications.
  • 5- Providing technical consulation on chemicals.
  • 6- Assigning inspectors who make sure that all
    the legal conditions are being met, checking on
    the chemical records and any violation to the law
    on chemicals .

16
Sections of the Department
  • A) Monitoring and Assessment Section
  • - Inspecting every one who deal with hazardous
  • chemicals .
  • - Evaluating factories and establishment who
    manufacture and handle such substances .
  • - Detecting violation and samples to the Central
    Lab for analysis.
  • B) Permits and Record Section
  • - Reviewing hazardous chemicals registration
    forms .
  • - Issuing permits for handling such substances
    together with adding information on the hazardous
    chemicals used in Oman to the database.

17
Laws and Regulations
  • - The low of handling and use of chemicals was
    issued by Royal Decree No. 46/95.
  • - The regulation for Registration of Chemicals
    and the relevant permits was issued by
    Ministerial Decision No. (248/97).
  • - The regulation for the packing, packaging,
    tagging and labeling of hazardous chemicals
    issued by the ministerial decision no.(317/2001).
  • -The regulation for banning of handling or use of
    some hazardous chemicals issued by the
    ministerial decision no.(316/2001).
  • -The low on conservation of the environment and
    prevention of pollution issued by the royal
    decree no. ( 114/2001 ).
  • - The regulation for wastewater re-use and
    discharge by the ministerial decision no.
    (145/93).

18
Conventions
  • 1-Rotterdam Convention.
  • 2-Stockholm Convention

19
Rotterdam Convention (PIC)
  • - The Sultanate Joined the Convention in October
    1999 by the Royal Decree No.(81/99)
  • - The Convention is based on the Prior Informed
    Consent (PIC) procedure.
  • This procedure
  • - Prevents export of certain harmful chemicals
    that have been banned or severely restricted or
    can cause problems under conditions of use in
    developing countries, unless the importing
    country agrees to accept them.
  • Prior Informed Consent ( PIC )
  • - When a country exports a chemical subject to a
    ban or severely restriction in its own territory,
    it must inform the importing country before the
    first shipment and then annually.

20
Stockholm Convention (POPs)
  • - In May 2001, 127 government adopted this
    convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants
    (POPs).
  • Oman signed the convention in March 4th , 2002.
  • Purpose of the Convention
  • - The convention seeks the elimination or
    restriction of production and use of all
    intentionally produced POPs (i.e., industrial
    chemicals and pesticides)
  • Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs).
  • POPs are chemicals that are persistent,
    bio-accumulate in fatty tissues, bio-magnify
    through the food chain and adversely affect
    health and environment

21
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