Title: Risk Assessment and Monitoring for Environmental Chemicals
1Risk Assessment and Monitoring for Environmental
Chemicals
- By
- Abdullah Al- Darmaki
- Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries Oman
- E-mail darmaki2a_at_yahoo.com
2Introduction to Oman
- The Sultanate of Oman occupies the southeastern
part of the Arabian Peninsula. - Oman extends between latitude 26 20 and 16 40
North and between longitude 59 40 and 51 50 East
, along the Gulf of Oman and the Arabian Sea,
from the Straits of Hormuz in the north to the
Yemeni border in the south.
3- HEAD OF STATE His Majesty Sultan Qaboos bin Said
(since 1970) - AREA 300,500 sq. km.
- NEIGHBOURING COUNTRIESYemen Arab Republic,
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the United Arab
Emirates. - POPULATION 2,331,391 (2003 Census)
- The official language is Arabic. Islam is the
official religion, but other religions are
tolerated. - CAPITAL Muscat
- CURRENCY Rial Omani (OR) of 1,000 baizas
US2.58 - NATIONAL DAY 18th November
- TIME DIFFERENCE GMT 4 hours
-
4Topographic of Oman
- The topographic of Oman is varies between plains
which occupied 3 of the total land ( Batinah
and Dhofar ),mountains which occupied 15 of the
total land ( Muscat , Dhaklya and Musandam ) and
sand dunes which occupied 82 of the total land
( Wasta , Sharqiya and Daherah ) . - Oman divided into 8 regions which are Muscat ,
Musandam , Wasta , Dhofar,Batinah, Sharqiya ,
Daherah , and Dhaklya.
5Climate of Oman
- The climate differs from one area to another. It
is hot and humid in the coastal areas in summer
while it is hot and dry in the Interior. - Rainfall is generally light and irregular
although heavy rains and thunderstorms can cause
severe flooding - Average temperatures in the south, Dhofar region
has a moderate climate and the pattern of
rainfall is more predictable with heavy monsoon
rains occurring regularly between May and
September. - the north of Oman are 32 - 48 0C from May to
September 26 - 36 0C from October to April. -
6Monitoring Activities on Chemicals
- The registration and monitoring activities on
chemicals including pesticides is a sharing
process between many concerned department in the
government which there is a cooperation between
them in order to maintain the complete monitoring
activities. - Monitoring activities on chemicals
-
- Ministry Ministry of Ministry of
Royal Ministry of - of Health Regional Commerce and
Oman Agriculture
- Municipalities Industry
Police and Fisheries - Environment
7Ministry of Agricultural and Fisheries
- Directorate General of Agriculture
- Department of Plant Protection
Seedling and Seeds Health Section
Locust Control Unit
Plant Quarantine Section
Plant Protection section
8Pesticides in Agriculture
- It is clear that the pesticides is required in
the modern agriculture , so that it is occupied
an important part in the ministry of agriculture
and fisheries activities. - Department of plant protection in the directorate
general of agriculture is the department in the
ministry of agriculture which are responsible
providing and using the pesticides for plant
protection and caring out the national
controlling programs and issuing pesticides
permit.
9Pesticides and Environment Doubs BugOmmatissus
Lybicus(Tropiduchidae Homoptera)
- Date Palm tree is one of an important economic
tree in Oman .There are 8 mullion trees - Yearly there is a national aerial spray program
on the date palm trees to control the doubs bug
which is done tow time / year. - The reason for spraying this bug twice a year is
the presence of two generations. One started in
April and called spring generation and the other
started in October and called winter generation.
10- In this process large quantity of pesticides are
used to cover large area of date palm trees in
most regions of Oman - ( villages ).
- Target area is a very large area more than 30,000
acres sprayed using more than 40,000 liters of
pesticides per each generation - This infestation is an historical problem, which
in our days now have already more than 25 years
in Oman
11Table ( 1 ) represents the amount of pesticide
used and sprayed area in many regions of Oman in
the winter generation 2004 against doubs bug in
date palm trees .
Area sprayed ( acre ) Amount of Pesticide ( liter ) Regions
7158 8495 Batinah
4385 6345 Dhaklya
3649 5925 Daherah
8708 13040 Sharqiya
800 800 Musandam
24700 34605 Total
12Table (2) type of pesticides used in aerial spray
Dosage Years of use Group Type of Pesticides
1.5L/ acre 1990 - 1993 Organo phosphorus Dichlorophose
1 L / acre 1993 - 1997 Organo phosphorus Malathion 96 ULV
0.8 L/ acre 1997 - 2002 Organo phosphorus Fenitrothion 96 ULV
0.8 L/ acre 2003 until now Organo Phosphorus pyrethroid Sumi combi alpha 49ULV
13Pesticides Lap
- There is no study for the effect and side effect
of the pesticides on human ( staffs who are
responsible of the spray and the farmers ) ,
useful wild organism in the agriculture fields
product , example the polluted insects , birds
etc , soil, water and environment . - From this training course I am looking forward to
learn , see and gain techniques which are used
to measure and monitor the environmental
chemicals and the risk assessment of monitoring
it in the plants , soil, water, etc.
14Ministry of Regional Municipalities Environment
- Due to the rapid industrial and agricultural
developments regulation was set up to control
pesticides and chemicals imported and used in the
Sultanate.
15Department of Chemical Substances
- According to Article (6) of the Royal Decree the
Department of Chemicals substances was
established. - Department Functions
- 1- Conducting Chemical analysis to determine the
level of toxicity and hazardousness. - 2- Granting permits for the use ,import,
manufacturing and handling of hazardous
chemicals. - 3- Keeping a record of the hazardous chemicals in
order to establish a hazardous chemicals databank
. - 4- Classifying chemicals in accordance with the
national and international classifications. - 5- Providing technical consulation on chemicals.
- 6- Assigning inspectors who make sure that all
the legal conditions are being met, checking on
the chemical records and any violation to the law
on chemicals .
16Sections of the Department
- A) Monitoring and Assessment Section
- - Inspecting every one who deal with hazardous
- chemicals .
- - Evaluating factories and establishment who
manufacture and handle such substances .
- - Detecting violation and samples to the Central
Lab for analysis. - B) Permits and Record Section
- - Reviewing hazardous chemicals registration
forms . - - Issuing permits for handling such substances
together with adding information on the hazardous
chemicals used in Oman to the database.
17Laws and Regulations
- - The low of handling and use of chemicals was
issued by Royal Decree No. 46/95. - - The regulation for Registration of Chemicals
and the relevant permits was issued by
Ministerial Decision No. (248/97). - - The regulation for the packing, packaging,
tagging and labeling of hazardous chemicals
issued by the ministerial decision no.(317/2001). - -The regulation for banning of handling or use of
some hazardous chemicals issued by the
ministerial decision no.(316/2001). - -The low on conservation of the environment and
prevention of pollution issued by the royal
decree no. ( 114/2001 ). - - The regulation for wastewater re-use and
discharge by the ministerial decision no.
(145/93).
18Conventions
- 1-Rotterdam Convention.
- 2-Stockholm Convention
19Rotterdam Convention (PIC)
- - The Sultanate Joined the Convention in October
1999 by the Royal Decree No.(81/99) - - The Convention is based on the Prior Informed
Consent (PIC) procedure. - This procedure
- - Prevents export of certain harmful chemicals
that have been banned or severely restricted or
can cause problems under conditions of use in
developing countries, unless the importing
country agrees to accept them. - Prior Informed Consent ( PIC )
- - When a country exports a chemical subject to a
ban or severely restriction in its own territory,
it must inform the importing country before the
first shipment and then annually.
20Stockholm Convention (POPs)
- - In May 2001, 127 government adopted this
convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants
(POPs). - Oman signed the convention in March 4th , 2002.
- Purpose of the Convention
- - The convention seeks the elimination or
restriction of production and use of all
intentionally produced POPs (i.e., industrial
chemicals and pesticides) - Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs).
- POPs are chemicals that are persistent,
bio-accumulate in fatty tissues, bio-magnify
through the food chain and adversely affect
health and environment
21Thank you