American Revolution

1
American Revolution

• Key People, Events and
• Battles

2
Who fought????

• Patriots those individuals that wanted to
  declare independence from Britain.
• Loyalists- those that wanted to stay loyal to the
  royal government/king.
• Neutral those individuals that hadnt decided
  which side to take.

3
Military Strategies
The Americans
The British

• Attrition the Brits had a long supply line.
• Guerilla tactics fight an insurgent war ? just
  wear the British down
• Make an alliance with one of Britains enemies.

• Split the North the South
• Establish a blockade
• Divide and Conquer ? use the Loyalists.

4
Key People

• George Washington- Commander of Continental Army.
• King George III- King of Great Britain
• Marquis de Lafayette- French nobleman who
  volunteered to help the colonist during the war.
  He persuaded the French king to send 6,000 man
  army to America.
• Benedict Arnold- general that helped win Saratoga
  and tried to betray America. Arnold wanted to
  turn the fort at West Point over to the British.

5
Key People

• Ethan Allen- led the Green Mountain Boys to
  victory at Fort Ticonderoga.
• Thomas Gage- British General, failed to capture
  Boston.
• Lord Cornwallis-British general that surrendered
  to Washington at Yorktown
• Sir William Howe- British general that won at
  Ticonderoga and Long Island
• Hessians- about 900 German soldiers were captured
  at the Battle of Trenton.

6
Key People

• John Burgoyne- British gen that surrendered to
  the Americans at Saratoga.
• John Paul Jones- naval officer that won the most
  famous sea battle of the Bonhomme Richard and
  Serapis. Jones is famous for his saying I have
  not yet begun to fight!
• Baron Friedrich von Steuben- responsible for
  training soldiers at Valley Forge.

7
Key People

• Bernardo de Gálvez -Spanish governor of
  Louisiana. Attacked British forts on the
  Mississippi and along the Gulf Coast in West
  Florida, which had once belonged to Spain.
  Defeated the British in Baton Rouge, Natchez,
  Mobile, and Pensacola.
• Nathan Hale- a school teacher and spy for the
  militia. Famous saying I only regret that I have
  but one life to give for my country.
• Horatio Gates-American general, who was
  victorious at Saratoga

8
Key People

• John Adams-delegate to Cont. Congress, committee
  member to write the D.O.I., help negotiate the
  Treaty of Paris.
• Abigail Adams-wife of John Adams. She provided
  food and shelter to soldiers.
• Wentworth Cheswell-African American
  schoolteacher, who enlisted in 1777 under Col.
  John Langdon at the Saratoga campaign.
• Samuel Adams-leader of the Sons of Liberty and
  signer of the D.O.I.

9
Key People

• James Armistead-first African American double
  agent. He joined under Lafayette in 1781. His
  espionage reports help defeat the British at the
  Battle of Yorktown.
• Benjamin Franklin-committee member to write the
  D.O.I., gained monetary and military support from
  France, and negotiated the Treaty of Paris 1783.
• Patrick Henry-VA legislator that urged
  independence.

10
Key People

• Haym Salomon-a spy, member of the NY Sons of
  Liberty, helped soldiers escape and encouraged
  the Hessians to desert the war effort. He loaned
  the new govt. 600k.
• Thomas Jefferson- Chief author of the D.O.I.
• Mercy Otis Warren-her writers convinced people in
  MA to become Patriots.
• Thomas Paine-Patriot writer of the pamphlet,
  Common Sense encouraged independence. The Crisis
  help inspire the troops at Valley Forge.

11
American Revolution Battles

• Battle of Lexington- first shots of the American
  Revolution.
• Battle of Concord first battle of the American
  Revolution.
• Bunker Hill (Breeds Hill)- First major battle of
  the war. 2,500 British troops stormed the hill
  twice. The colonists were short of ammunition
  they waited until the enemy was a few yards away,
  then fired with deadly aim. On the third British
  attempt, the colonists ran out of gunpowder. They
  retreated to nearby Bunker Hill.

12
American Revolution Battles

• Battle at Ticonderoga-Ethan Allen and the Green
  Mountain Boys defeat Gen. Burgoyne
• Long Island (Brooklyn Heights) Howe returned to
  New York in August 27, 1776 with a force of more
  than 300 ships and approximately 30,000 British
  soldiers. Howes army forced Washington to
  retreat from Manhattan to New Jersey.
• Battle of Trenton-Gen. Washington crossed the
  Delaware River on Christmas eve 1776.The next
  morning he surprised and defeated the 900
  Hessians.

13
American Revolution Battles

• Battle of Brandywine -Howe and 15K soldiers
  attacked Washingtons 11K in southeastern PA. The
  Americans escaped with no serious casualties.
• Battle of Saratoga-turning point of the
  revolution for the colonists. European nations
  publicly gave support to the Americans.

14
American Revolution Battles

• Valley Forge- no battle fought, but American
  soldiers endured hardships during the winter.
  Washington and his exhausted troops settled at
  Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, for the winter of
  17771778.
• Battle of Cowpens- Patriot Col. Daniel Morgan
  defeats British Col. Banastre Tarleton at
  Cowpens, SC on Jan. 17, 1781
• Battle of Yorktown- Gen. Cornwallis surrenders
  after being surrounded by a combined French naval
  fleet and American and French soldiers on land.

15
The Treaty of Paris 1763 ended the war.

1. U. S. was independent nation.
2. Boundaries would be MS River on west, Canada on
   north Spanish FL on south.
3. U. S. would receive the right to fish off
   Canadas Atlantic Coast.
4. Repay war debts it owed the other.
5. British return any enslaved persons.
6. Congress would recommend that the states return
   any property they had seized from Loyalists.