OUTLINE

1
Lecture 26

• OUTLINE
• Modern BJT Structures
• Poly-Si emitter
• Heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT)
• Charge control model
• Base transit time
• Reading Finish Chapter 11, 12.2

2
Modern BJT Structure

• Narrow base
• n poly-Si emitter
• Self-aligned p poly-Si base contacts
• Lightly-doped collector
• Heavily-doped epitaxial subcollector
• Shallow trenches and deep trenches filled with
  SiO2
• for electrical isolation

3
Polycrystalline-Silicon (Poly-Si) Emitter

• bdc is larger for a poly-Si emitter BJT as
  compared with an all-crystalline emitter BJT, due
  to reduced dpE(x)/dx at the edge of the emitter
  depletion region

Continuity of hole current in emitter
4
Emitter Gummel Number w/ Poly-Si Emitter
where Sp ? DEpoly/WEpoly is the surface
recombination velocity
For a uniformly doped emitter,
5
Emitter Band Gap Narrowing
To achieve large bdc, NE is typically very large,
so that band gap narrowing (Lecture 8, Slide 5)
is significant.
DEGE is negligible for NE lt 1E18/cm3 N 1018
cm-3 DEG 35 meV N 1019 cm-3 DEG 75 meV
6
Narrow Band Gap (SiGe) Base

• To improve bdc, we can increase niB by using a
  base material (Si1-xGex) that has a smaller band
  gap
• for x 0.2, DEGB is 0.1eV
• Note that this allows a large bdc to be achieved
  with large NB (even gtNE), which is advantageous
  for
• reducing base resistance
• increasing Early voltage (VA)

7
EXAMPLE Emitter Band Gap Narrowing
If DB 3DE , WE 3WB , NB 1018 cm-3, and niB2
ni2, find bdc for (a) NE 1019 cm-3, (b) NE
1020 cm-3, and (c) NE 1019 cm-3 and a
Si1-xGex base with DEgB 60 meV (a) At NE 1019
cm-3, DEgE ? 35 meV (b) At NE 1020cm-3,
DEgE ? 160 meV (c)
8
Charge Control Model
A PNP BJT biased in the forward-active mode has
excess minority-carrier charge QB stored in the
quasi-neutral base
In steady state,
9
Base Transit Time, tt

• time required for minority carriers to diffuse
  across the base
• sets the switching speed limit of the transistor

10
Relationship between tB and tt

• The time required for one minority carrier to
  recombine in the base is much longer than the
  time it takes for a minority carrier to cross the
  quasi-neutral base region.

11
Drift Transistor Built-in Base Field
The base transit time can be reduced by building
into the base an electric field that aids the
flow of minority carriers.

• Fixed EgB , NB decreases from emitter end to
  collector end.

B
-
E
C
Ec
Ef
Ev

• Fixed NB , EgB decreases from emitter end to
  collector end.

-
E
B
C
dE
1

C
E
Ec
Ef
dx
q
Ev
12
EXAMPLE Drift Transistor

• Given an npn BJT with W0.1mm and NB1017cm-3
  (mn800cm2/V?s), find tt and estimate the base
  electric field required to reduce tt