Lamps

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Lamps

• Arch 433

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• Choose work you
• love and you will never have to work a day in
  your life Confucius

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Getting Along
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Efficacy

• Lumens per watt of a light source
• The higher the lumen efficacy, the more efficient
  the source is at producing light

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Color RenderingIndex (CRI)

• The Color Rendering Index (CRI) is a relative
  measure of the shift in surface color of an
  object when lit by a particular lamp, compared
  with how the object would appear under a
  reference light source of similar color
  temperature. The higher the CRI of the light
  source, the "truer" it renders color

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Lamp Life

• A statistical probability
• Based on
• A representative sample of lights
• Typical conditions
• Rated in hours
• Time elapsed when 50 remain burning
• Example
• If a lamp had a rating of 1000 hours
• After 1000 hours half of the sample of lamps have
  burned out while the other half remains
  operational

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Lamp Lumen Depreciation (LLD)

• Light output declines with time
• This loss of light is called Lumen Depreciation

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Factors that affect Lamp Operation

• Strike
• Ambient Temperatures
• Voltage Interruptions
• Wattage/Voltage Changes
• Dimming
• Increased Watts or Volts
• Burning Position

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Incandescent

• Components
• Tungsten filament
• Acts as a resistor
• In parallel changes amps by impedance
• inductive reactance and conductor resistance
• Glass Globe w/ inert gasses
• Argon or krypton w/ small amounts of nitrogen
• Add bromine or iodine with a quartz covering
  Tungsten Halogen lamp
• Lamp base

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Types of Incandescent

• General Service or Extend Life
• Projector (PAR)
• Parabolic reflectors
• Reflectors (R)
• Elliptical Reflectors (ER)
• Tungsten Halogen

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Common Shapes w/ Designations
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Common Bases
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Remember Who We Are
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Feel like an Imposter!
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Getting Along
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Performance

• Not affected by temperatures
• Voltage sensitive
• Strike sensitive - Dimming
• Excellent color rendering (CRI)

• Lumen depreciation
• - on average, lamps retain 87 of their lumens
  after 70 rated life
• Low Rated Life
• Efficacy 10 30 Lumens per watt

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If there was something
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Fluorescent

• Components
• Mercury arc discharge
• Cathodes
• Argon gas w/ mercury
• Phosphor coating on tube
• Ultraviolet light created by the mercury arc
  excites the phosphor coating and creates visible
  light
• Mixtures of different phosphors give varying
  colors
• Requires a ballast
• limit and regulate current flow

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Ballast

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Ballast
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Ballast Starter
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Ballast
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Ballast

• The basic ballast is nothing more than a current
  limiting device. For 50 and 60 Hz applications,
  the most common current limiting device is an
  inductor
• Magnetic
• Electronic

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Types of Fluorescents

• Shapes
• Tubular (T)
• U Shaped (U)
• Circline (C)
• Types
• Preheat
• Few second delay - Bi pin base
• Instant Start
• Single pin base
• Rapid Start
• Slight delay bi pin
• High and Very High Output (increased arc) (HO,
  VHO)
• Recessed base 800 mA to 1500 mA more light,
  less efficacy

• Note
• Residential 120V
• Commercial 277V

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GenericDesignations
Warning Be sure to check w/ manufacturer

• F20 fluorescent 20 watts (U, C)
• F42 Fluorescent 42 long (instant start
  slimline)
• T8 tubular 8/8 1inch diameter, RS Rapid
  Start
• WW warm white (cw, wwx, etc.)

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GenericDesignations
The "T" in lamp nomenclature designates that the
lamp is tubular shaped. The number following the
"T" usually represents the diameter of the lamp
in eighths of an inch.
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New DOE Standards Effective July 14, 2012
Lamp Type Watts Color Temperature Min. Lumens/Watt
4-foot (T5) miniature bi-pin gt26W lt4500K gt4500K and lt7000K 86.0 81.0
Prior to July 14, 2012 DOE Standards
Lamp Type Watts Min. CRI Min. Lumens/Watt
4-foot medium bi-pin gt35W 69 45 75.0 75.0
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Performance

• Temperature sensitive
• Strike sensitive (3hrs)
• Poor color rendering
• Long rated life (up to 24,000)
• Lumen depreciation
• - on average, lamps retain 87 of their lumens
  after 40 rated life eventually get dimmer
  dimmer
• Good Efficacy 60 100 lumens per watt
• Poor beam control

• Dimming expensive

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Residential Usage
Remember strike and ambient temperatures!
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High Intensity Discharge (HID) Lamps

• Three distinct categories
• Mercury
• Metal Halide
• High Pressure Sodium
• Characteristics
• High Efficacy
• Long Life
• High Lamp Lumen Depreciation
• Require ballasts
• Low CRI

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Mercury HID

• Mercury arcs
• Starting time
• 3-5 minutes
• Green-blue light
• Considerable lamp decay
• Eventually dim out
• After 24,000 50
• Long Life
• Burning position any
• Landscaping uses

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Metal Halide HID

• Mixtures
• Mercury, sodium,
  thallium, scandium, etc.
• Starting time
• The greatest up to 5 minutes
• Bright greenish white
• Decay of metals
• Decline of lumens very gradual
• Burning position is critical
• Sports lighting, commercial

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Do you every feel small
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High/Low Pressure Sodium HID

• Sodium arc
• Starting time
• 3-5 minutes
• Yellow golden white
• Very low CRI
• Very high efficacy
• Up to 140 lumens/watt for HP
• Up to 200 lumens/watt for LP
• Burning position any
• Sport lighting, garages

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Sodium HID
Diagram of a high pressure sodium lamp
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Lamp Comparison - Color
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Lamp Comparisons Life/Cost
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Lamp Comparison
Lamp Life
Efficacy
efficacy the power to produce an effect
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OOPS!
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