Bacteria

1
Bacteria

• Chapter 24

2
Archaebacteria

• Prokaryotic single celled
• Probably all life's origin
• Include the extremophiles

3
Extremophiles

• Methanogens produce methane gas, oxygen is
  poisonous to them ( swamps, sewage, intestines)

4
Extremophiles

• Halophiles salt loving great salt lake etc.

5
Extremophiles

• Thermoacidophiles extreme high temperatures.

6
EUBACTERIA (Bacteria)

• Come in 3 basic shapes
• Bacilli Coccci Spirilla

7
Bacteria

• Most bacteria are Heterotrophic get their
  energy from organic compounds of other organisms.
• A few are Autotrophic make their own energy
  from photosynthesis.

8
Bacteria Reproduction

• Bacteria divide by Binary Fission not meiosis
  (no nucleus).
• Bacteria can also exchange genetic material
  through conjugation.
• Movie

9
BACTERIA

• One important role of bacteria is Nitrogen Fixing
  transformation of atmospheric nitrogen (N2)
  into other forms of nitrogenous compounds that
  can be used by plants.

10
Gram Staining

• Gram Positive purple retain stain this
  means that the bacteria have a thick cell wall
  and are
• Gram Negative pink this means that the
  bacteria have a thin cell wall.
• Gram Staining can determine
• toxicidity, reaction to antibacterial drugs and
  disinfectants.

11
Cyanobacteria

• Blue Green Algae
• Can be a lot of different color.
• Population bloom death (red tides)

12
Genetic Recombination

• Transformation Bacteria takes in DNA from its
  external environment
• Conjugation bacteria share DNA when they come
  in contact
• Transduction a virus obtains a piece of DNA
  from a Bacteria then spreads the bacteria

13
Diseases caused by Bacteria

• Exotoxin -Toxins that are leaked or secreted out
  of the bacteria cell and into its host (you and
  me).
• Endotoxins are generally much less pathogenic
  than Exotoxins and rarely cause death. Many
  fevers are caused by endotoxins whereas exotoxins
  never produce a fever.

14
Diseases caused by Bacteria copy down 3

• Leprosy (Hansen's Disease)
• Tetanus
• Whooping Cough
• Typhoid Fever
• Paratyphoid Fever
• Cholera
• Plague
• Tuberculosis
• Meningitis
• Bacterial Pneumonia Anthrax
• Botulism
• Bacterial Dysentery
• Diarrhea
• Food Poisoning Gas
• Gangrene
• Syphilis Diphtheria

• Gonorrhea
• Trench Fever
• Trench Fever Influenza
• Typhus Fever
• Lyme Disease
• Tooth Decay S
• carlet Fever
• Tonsillitis Food
• Poisoning Toxic
• Shock Syndrome
• Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
• Human Monocytic
• Erhlichiosis
• Human granulocytic
• Gasteroenteritis
• Peptic Ulcers

15
STD Bacterial Infections

• Neisseria gonorrhea (causes gonorrhea or
  gonococcal infection)
• Chlamydia trachomatis (causes Chlamydia
  infections)
• Treponema pallidum (causes syphilis)
• Haemophilus ducreyi (causes chancroid)
• Klebsiella granulomatis (previously known as
  Calymmatobacterium granulomatis causes granuloma
  inguinale or donovanosis).

16
Bacteria around me?

• How much bacteria is around us?
• Where are the most infected areas?
• How can you reduce your risk for bacteria?
• Cell phone clip

STAPH
17
Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistance

• Antibiotics are drugs that combat Bacteria ex
  Penicillin.
• Antibiotic Resistance-Disease -causing microbes
  that have become resistant to drug therapy are an
  increasing public health problem. Tuberculosis,
  gonorrhea, malaria, and childhood ear infections
  are just a few of the diseases that have become
  hard to treat with antibiotic drugs.

18
How to reduce resilance.

• Antimicrobial drugs intended for bacterial
  infections should not be taken for viral
  infections such as colds, coughs, or the flu.
• If your health care provider determines that you
  do not have a bacterial infection, ask about ways
  to help relieve your symptoms.
• Do not pressure your provider to prescribe an
  antibiotic.
• Take medicine exactly as your health care
  provider prescribes.
• Take the antibiotic until it is gone, even if you
  are feeling better. Do not save the medication to
  treat yourself or others later.

19
Useful Bacteria write down 2

• Helps make some foods
• Preserve food
• Keep gut healthy
• Break down toxins
• Make soil
• Billions of years ago they increased oxygen by
  20 enabling larger items to live