THE COLD WAR

1
THE COLD WAR
2
The Iron Curtain

• Eastern Europe is the first area where the
  communist/capitalist conflict arose
• The creation of satellite nations forced Truman
  and Churchill to act
• Churchill uses the phrase iron curtain to
  describe the barrier between Western Europe
  (non-communist) and Eastern Europe (communist)

3
(No Transcript)
4
(No Transcript)
5
Policy of Containment

• US policy
• Restricts communism into its current borders
• Issued in 1940s

6
Truman Doctrine

• President Truman says the US will help any
  non-communist country combat communism
• i.e. Turkey and Greece

7
Marshall Plan

• Economic plan to rebuild western Europe
• Developed by US Sec. of State George Marshall
• Will win the Nobel Peace Prize for this action

8
A Germany Divided

• Germany and Berlin divided between US, Soviet
  Union, France, GB
• When GB and FR entered into Marshall Plan and
  began to join democratic forces, Stalin got angry
• THUS.

9
Berlin Blockade and Berlin Airlift (1948)

• The Soviets want all of Berlin (since it is in
  their zone) so they blockaded the western portion
• They did this hoping to make the Allies give up
  this section
• In response, supplies, food, medicine, etc were
  sent in by air for over 11 months
• In 1949 Stalin lifts the blockade

10
(No Transcript)
11
(No Transcript)
12
(No Transcript)
13
NATO vs. Warsaw Pact

• North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
  developed in 1949
• It is designed as a military alliance to defend
  US, Western Europe and Canada from outside attack
• In response, communist nations develop the Warsaw
  Pact

14
Arms Race

• Also in 1949 the Soviets successfully tested
  their own atomic bomb
• Now it was a race between the USSR and the US to
  see who could develop and strengthen weapon
  systems

15
Khrushchev

• Becomes leader after Stalin dies in 1953
• He wants to destalinize the Soviet Union
  (reverse some polices that Stalin started)

16
(No Transcript)
17
A Peaceful Coexistence

• Khrushchev calls for this policy to avoid war
  with the west
• Encourages nations to follow communism and
  improves society
• A special emphasis is put on technological
  research

18
Sputnik, ICBM and a Space Race

• The Soviets launch Sputnik I, worlds first space
  satellite
• Both USSR and US test Intercontinental Ballistic
  Missiles (ICBM) which are long range rockets
• The need to be one step ahead of the other
  country with space technology development is
  known as the space race

19
Sputnik
20
ICBM
21
Soured Relations Lead to Problems in Cuba

• Relations are good for a while between US and
  USSR until the USSR shoots down a US spy plane
• USSR denounces US and America retaliates by
  cutting off trade w/ Cuba, as they are harboring
  Soviet nuclear missiles
• Cuba turns to USSR for help
• Cuba already communist due to Castro coming to
  power in 1959

22
Bay of Pigs 1961

• The US decides to get Castro out of power by
  taking Cuban exiles in America, having the CIA
  train them, put them back in Cuba, have them
  start a revolt and overthrow Castro
• This was a HUGE failure and an embarrassment to
  JFK

23
Cuban Missile Crisis 1962

• Since the US found Soviet missiles pointed at
  America in Cuba they needed to act
• The Soviets put their missiles in Cuba to offset
  US missiles in Turkey pointed at the USSR
• In response, the US blockaded Cuba and Khrushchev
  agreed to remove missiles if the US did not
  invade Cuba

24
Results of Cuban Missile Crisis

• This crisis is one of the most important events
  of Cold WarWhy????
• Each side knew better relations were key and set
  up a hotline so they could talk before missiles
  were launched
• The US removes its missiles from Turkey
• Leads to policy of détente, or relaxing of
  tensions between US and USSR

25
SALT

• SALT Strategic Arms Limitation Talks
• Nixon was the first to meet with the Soviets and
  they basically agreed to limit their nuclear
  weapons
• This also is an example of détente or the
  beginning of the end of the Cold War

26
Soviet Satellite Nations

• The USSR kept a close guard on its satellite
  nations
• The people resented this, though could not do
  much against the powerful Soviet forces
• Some countries include
• Poland
• Czechoslovakia
• Hungary
• East Germany and East Berlin (city)

27
IRAN HOSTAGE CRISIS

• The US tried to keep the Shah of Iran in power as
  he wanted to westernize Iran and also wished to
  get rid of religious influence in the government
• Another political group had the support of the
  people, who wished to see religion remain in
  government
• This group used their power to take over Iran and
  wanted the Shah to be tried for treason
• The Shah (supported by the US) would not return
  from exile.

28
IRAN HOSTAGE CRISISCONTD

• In 1979, a group of militants stormed the US
  embassy and held hostage all of the embassy
  workers for almost two years with the permission
  of the new Iranian govt
• They demanded return of the Shah for trial in
  exchange for the hostages, but the US would not
  comply
• The hostages were eventually let go (1981), but
  the relationship between Iran and US remains
  strained even today

29
Berlin Wall

• Many people had begun to migrate over to West
  Berlin in search for better jobs, economy, or to
  get away from communism
• This was an embarrassment to the Soviet Union so
  they began to build a massive wall
• This wall was to keep westerners out and
  easterners in
• People faced dogs, electric wire, etc trying to
  get across
• It was the most visible and powerful symbol
  representing the iron curtain

30
(No Transcript)
31
(No Transcript)
32
Fall of Berlin Wall

• In November 1989 the government of East Berlin
  announced that crossing the border (wall) would
  be permitted
• In the next few weeks that followed, the wall was
  dismantled
• German unification (east and west united) was
  finally completed on October 3, 1990

33
(No Transcript)
34
Tiananmen Square

• Series of demonstrations led by students in China
  in the summer of 1989
• These students were protesting the communist
  government
• The military cracked down on the protesters,
  leaving many dead and wounded
• The violence the protesters met was broadcasted
  around the world and angered many democratic
  nations

35
(No Transcript)