Camera Functions

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Camera Functions

• Shooting Mode
• ISO (films sensitivity to light)
• Meter (measures light in a scene and calculates
  proper exposure)
• Aperture (controls the intensity of light)
• Shutter speed (controls the amount of time light
  exposes film for)

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Shooting Modes

• Professional modes
• Manual
• Aperture
• Shutter
• Program
• Auto (with flash)
• Portrait
• Landscape
• Sport (action)
• Night

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• Slow Shutter
• Foliage
• Snow
• Beach
• Fireworks
• Indoor

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Additional shooting modesPortrait main
subject in focus, blurred backgroundNight
Portrait flash activated, show shutter to expose
bkgdBeach/Snow Bright light fools meter, will
close down for detailLandscape no flash,
distance focusSunset no flash, silhouette, slow
shutterCloseup/macro focus very close to lens,
use tripodBacklight flash activated to fill in
foregroundOff turns off all settings for
manual adjustments
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ISO

• Film ISO speed is the number that indicates the
  films sensitivity to light.
• Some cameras automatically set the ISO when the
  film is loaded. If not, set the ISO on your
  camera.

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• ISO
• (films sensitivity to light)
• The higher the number, the more sensitive or
  faster the film the lower the number, the
  slower the film.

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Full ISOs

• ISO ISO ISO ISO
• 100 200 400 800

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Full ISOs either double or half as you move
from one to the other 1/2X -
2XEx ISO200 is twice as fast or twice as
light sensitive as ISO100. Similarly, ISO200 is
half as fast or half as light sensitive as ISO100.
ISO ISO ISO ISO 100 200 400 800
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ISO (films sensitivity to light)

• ISO 50 / ISO 100 Bright Sun, Portrait Mode,
  Beach, Snow, Indoor Flash
• ISO 200 / ISO400 Cloudy Day, Sports, Fast
  Shutter Speeds Bright Sun, Landscape
• ISO 400 Low Light, Indoor Without a Flash,
  Night, Fast Shutter Speeds During Cloudy Day

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Meter

• The meter measures the amount of light in the
  scene and calculates the best exposure value.
• Most 35mm cameras have exposure meters built into
  them. Some in-camera meters set exposure
  automatically, but we will override this function
  and set the meter ourselves using the apertures
  and shutter speed.
• All in-camera meters are reflective measure the
  light reflected by the subject.
• A second type of meter is incident measure the
  light falling on the subject.

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Meter

• Most SLR camera meters are the averaging type,
  reading the entire picture area.

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Meter

• Evaluative (Matrix)
• Evaluates entire picture frame and takes an
  average of multiple zones throughout scene
• Center Weighted
• Averages the exposure of entire frame but gives
  extra weight to the center to 18 degrees out
• Spot
• Meters subject in center (or at selected AF
  point) only spot 3 degrees from center will be
  metered and ignoring rest of frame. (best for
  backlighting, macro, moon)

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METERINGMake sure your AF sensor is placed on
main subject for the exposure reading especially
in areas with high contrast (areas of blacks and
whites)
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Drive Mode

• Single Shot
• Press on the shutter release button and takes one
  picture
• Continuous
• Press on the shutter release button and it takes
  continuous pictures until you release the button
• Self Timer
• Press on the shutter release button and the
  camera has a delay until the picture is taken.

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Image Exposure
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Exposure

• Exposure Intensity of Light (X) Time
• Intensity is controlled by the aperture
  (f/stop) of the cameras lens
• Time is controlled by the shutter (shutter
  speeds) on the camera
• ISO films sensitivity to light

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Unit Of Measurement

• The unit of measurement used to measure light is
  called a Stop.
• Some 35mm SLR Cameras use 1/3 stop increments,
  but we will be using FULL Fstops

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f/stops in 1/3 increments
f/4 f/6.3 f/10 f/16 f/25

• f/2.8
• f/4.5
• f/7.1
• f/11
• f/18
• f/29

f/3.2 f/5.0 f/8 f/13 f/20 f/32
f/3.5 f/5.6 f/9 f/14 f/22
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Full - f/stops
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Full f/stops either half or double as you move
from one to the other 2X -
1/2X
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REVIEWF8 is half or double the amount of light
as F11?
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Shutter speeds in 1/3 increments
1/30 f/80 f/200 1/500 1/1250

• 1/15
• 1/40
• 1/100
• 1/250
• 1/640
• 1/1600

1/20 1/50 1/125 1/320 1/800 1/2000
1/25 1/60 1/160 1/400 1/1000
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Full Shutter Speeds
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Full shutter speeds either double or half as you
move from one to the other 2X -
1/2X
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REVIEW1/500 is half or twice as fast as 1/250?
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Review

• If 1/500 is twice as fast as 1/250, is that
  double or half the amount of light?

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Review

• If 1/500 is twice as fast as 1/250, is that
  double or half the amount of light?
• Half as much light because its half the amount
  of time as 1/500.

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What to study Quiz 1

• Exposure
• ISO
• Full Fstops
• Full Shutter Speeds

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Bring to class next week

• Study for Quiz 1
• Camera and ISO125 film, one roll
• Readings