Everything Else in Chapter 14

1
Everything Else in Chapter 14
2
Architecture

• Gothic Cathedrals
• What are the characteristics?
• Arches
• Stain Glass Windows
• HUGE!!!!
• Famous Gothic Cathedrals
• Chartres
• Notre Dame

3
Spain
4
Reconquista

• The effort of the Spanish to drive the Muslims
  out of Spain
• 1100-1492

5
Inquisition

• An attempt by the Spanish monarchs to unify the
  religion in Spain
• A Tribunal
• Made up of members of the clergy
• Tried people for Heresy
• People whose religious beliefs differed from
  Christianity
• In 1492 all practicing Jews and Muslims were
  expelled from Spain

Oh and they tortured people too!
6
France
7
The Collapse of Charlemagnes Empire

• By 1000 France was divided into 30 territories
• 987-Last Carolingian ruler dies
• Louis the Sluggard
• He will be succeeded by Hugh Capet

8
The Capetian Dynasty
9
Hugh Capet

• Weak ruler
• His son and grandson were also weak
• His descendents will be the powerful ones

10
Phillip II (Augustus)

• 1180-1223
• Watched his father lose land to Henry II of
  England
• Wanted to expand French territory
• Waited for King John to take the throne
• By 1204 he took back Normandy
• And most of France
• Established bailiffs
• Collected taxes
• Acted as Judges

11
Louis IX

• 1226-1270
• Grandson of Phillip II
• Sainted by the church
• Known as the ideal king
• Established the French Appeals Court

12
Phillip IV

• 1285-1314
• Fought with the Pope
• Called a meeting of nobles and commoners to stand
  against the pope

13
The Estates

• 1st Estate
• Church Leaders
• 2nd Estate
• Nobles
• 3rd Estate
• Commoners
• Estates General
• Similar to Parliament but never limited the
  Kings power
• In 1789 they do cut off the head of their King

14
THE CHURCH (AGAIN)
15
Pope Bonafice VIII

• Pope in 1300
• Italian
• Used papal bull to try to rule the French King
• An official document issued by the Pope
• Held prisoner by the Phillip IV
• Rescued before he was put on trial
• Died a month later in 1303
• Last pope who was able to force monarchs to obey
  him

16
The Church Moves to Avignon

• 1305-the College of Cardinals chose a French
  Archbishop to be the next pope
• Clement V
• Moved from Rome to Avignon in France
• Popes would live there for the next 67 years

17
The Great Schism

• 1378-Pope Gregory XI dies while visiting Rome
• College of Cardinals met in Rome to choose a
  successor
• Chose Urban VI-Italian

18
The Great Schism Contd

• French Cardinals choose a different Pope
• Robert of Geneva
• French
• Pope Clement VII
• Each pope declared the other one a false pope
• They excommunicated each other

19
Another Pope

• Before Clement VII and Urban VI a different pope
  had been selected in Pisa
• Pope John XXIII
• 1414-There are 3 popes for the Catholic Church

20
Finally an End

• 1417
• Council declares all 3 popes invalid and elects a
  4th pope
• Pope Martin V reunites the Catholic church

21
Smart People Make the Church Mad
22
John Wycliffe

• Englishman
• Preached that Jesus was the head of the Church
• Offended by the hypocrisy of the church
• Believed the church should own no land or wealth

23
Jan Hus

• Bohemian (Czech Republic)
• Taught that the bible was higher than the pope
• Excommunicated in 1412
• 1414-urged to attend the Council of Constance and
  promised safe passage
• Arrested, tried as a heretic, and burned at the
  stake in 1415

24
What Does it all mean?
25

• The monarchs gain power
• The Church loses power
• Feudalism ends in Europe
• The Crusade routes become trade routes
• 33 of the population of Europe dies from the
  plague
• A war between France and England lasts 106 years

26
THE RENAISSANCE!!!!!