Regulation of Gene Expression

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? ? ? ?
??????
Regulation of Gene Expression
? ?
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(No Transcript)
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???????????????????
1961?,Francis. J?Jacques. M???????,????????????
???
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? ? ????????
Basic Conceptions and Principle
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?????????
??(gene) ?????????DNA??,????????????????????DNA
???
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• cDNA(complementory DNA)?mRNA???,???????????DNA?

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???(genome) ???????????????????????
????(gene expression)
?????????,?????????????????????
?????????
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??????????????
(?)?????
? ?
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(?)?????
????????,????????????????????,?????????????(spatia
l specificity)?
?????????????????????,????????????????,???????????
??????(cell or tissue specificity)?
? ?
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?????????
????????,?????????
(?)?????
?????????????????????,?????????(housekeeping
gene)?
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????????,?????????????,???????????????????????????
,?????????????,????????????????(constitutive gene
expression)?
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(?)???????
??????????,????????,????????,????????????
??????????????????,????(induction)?
???????????????,???????????????????????????????(re
pression)?

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????????,??????????,??????????,???????????,??????(
coordinate expression),??????????(coordinate
regulation)?
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??????????????
(?)????????????
(?)?????????
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??????????????
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???????????
????
???? ????? mRNA??
????
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??????????????
????????????????,???????????????,?????????????????
?
1. ??DNA????????
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????
???(operon) ??
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(No Transcript)
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????(consensus sequence)????????-10?-35??????????
???????????????????
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????(consensus sequence) ??????????????
??????(???)??RNA?????????????????????????
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2? ???? ????(repressor)?????
?????????????,???RNA???????????,??RNA??????DNA????
,?????
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3) ???????????
??
????(activator)??????????DNA??,??RNA???????????,??
RNA??????
??????????????,RNA?????????????????
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• ????????
• ?????????????????????????????

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• ????
• ??????RNA????????????????????
• ???????????,??????,?????????
• ?????????????DNA??,??RNA???????????,??RNA?????,?
  ????????

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????
???????????????????????? ,?TATA??CAAT??,???????RNA
????????????????

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2) ?????????
??????(trans-acting factor)
???????????????,?????????????????????,??????
?????????????
????????????????????????,?????????,??????
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????
????
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???????????????????????????????????,????DNA???????
????????????
???????????DNA?,??????-???????,?????(dimer)????(po
lymer)?
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3. RNA???
? ??????/??????RNA?????
RNA?????????,?????
? ?????RNA?????
????????????????????,????DNA-???????-?????????RNA?
?????
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? ? ? ????????
Regulation of Prokaryotic Gene Transcription
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(?)s????RNA????????
(?)?????????
(?)?????????????
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???????????
(?)?????(lac operon)???
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(?)?????????
???????
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??????
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(?)CAP?????
????,cAMP????
????,cAMP????
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(?)????
???????????,CAP??????????
???CAP??,???????????????,??????????
???????,????????? ?????????/???????,??????????
???? lac ???????????????(catabolic repression)?

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?????
?????
???? cAMP???
????cAMP???
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??????????
(?)????
???
????
O
P
RNA???
trpR
RNA???
Trp ??
mRNA
Trp ??
?
??????
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????
14aa??????
????1
?10?11????trp???
?????????? ??1/2gt??2/3gt??3/4
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??????
RNA???
??mRNA
????? ????? ????
??
UUUU 3
???
1.????????
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Trp?????? ???????
RNA???
??mRNA
??3?4?????????
???
2.????????
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(?)????
???????????
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(?)SOS??
DNA
?DNA ????????????
???
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? ? ? ????????
Regulation of Eukaryotic Gene Transcription
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???????????
(?)?????????
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(?)????
????(monocistron) ?????????????mRNA??,???????????
(?)????
(?)??????
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????????????
(?)RNA???
(?)?????????
1. ??????
??????????,?????????????
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2. DNA??????
????DNA???????????
?????
3. DNA??????
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4. ?????
? ??Lys??????? ? H2A, H2B????????? ? ????? ?
H3???????
(?)???????
(?)?????????
(?)????????
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????????????
(?)??????
1. ???
????????RNA??????????????????,????????????????????
???
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(No Transcript)
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(No Transcript)
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(?)??????
1. ????????(?????)
??????(general transcription factors)
?RNA??????????????????,????RNA(mRNA?tRNA?rRNA)????
??
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??????(special transcription factors)
??????????,?????????????????
??????
??????
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2. ????????
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????DNA???
1. ??(zinc finger)
???GC?
C Cys H His
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Cys
Zn
His
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2. a-??
???CAAT?
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(?)mRNA ????????
TBP????
??RNA????????????,??????????
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????????????????
???DNA??????????????????
????????????????DNA???
?????DNA?????,???????????????,?????????????