English 111G

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English 111G

• Rhetoric and Composition
• Skills and methods used in writing
  university-level essays.

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Rhetoric

• So What is Rhetoric?

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Rhetoric

• Aristotles definition
• Let rhetoric be an ability, in each case, to see
  the means available of persuasion. This is the
  function of no other art.
• The Art of Persuasion

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Rhetoric

• From Merriam-Webster On-line
• the art of speaking or writing effectively
• the study of principles and rules of composition
  formulated by critics of ancient times
• the study of writing or speaking as a means of
  communication or persuasion

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Rhetoric

• Combining the Two
• the purposeful use of language to accomplish a
  specific end or goal
• it involves a writer/speaker shaping a message
  using appropriate language for a reader/audience
  in order to accomplish an articulated outcome.
• Dr. Christopher Burnham PhD.

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Back to Aristotle

• Aristotle stated that there were three important
  areas necessary for effective communication and
  persuasion. He called these three areas the
  Rhetorical Triangle.

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Rhetoric
The Rhetorical Triangle
Ethos
Pathos
Logos
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Rhetoric

• The Rhetorical Triangle
• Ethos Ethical Appeal
• The Author
• Pathos Emotional Appeal
• The Reader
• Logos Logical Appeal
• The Text

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Rhetorical Triangle

• While Aristotle believed that a good rhetor used
  an equal balance of ethos, pathos, and logos, not
  all forms of writing require an equal balance of
  these three components.
• You determine the shape of the Rhetorical
  Triangle for each writing situation.

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Rhetoric
Ethos
Ethos
Logos
Pathos
Pathos
Logos
Academic writing uses more ethos and logos but
does not exclude pathos.
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English 111G

• Rhetoric and Composition
• Skills and methods used in writing
  university-level essays.

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Composition

• The process and study of creating written works
• The name of the professional field that deals
  with teaching writing

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Composition

• From ENGL111G Course Objectives
• construct multiple-paragraph essays with a clear
  thesis and adequate evidence in a variety of
  modes acceptable in college-level courses, such
  as argumentation, exposition, narration, and
  description

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Modes of Writing

• Narrative
• Expository
• Descriptive
• Persuasive
• Imaginative

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Narrative Writing

• Presents a series of events in order to inform or
  entertain.
• Can be both fiction or non-fiction.
• Within academic essays, narrative writing can be
  used to relate an anecdote, particularly in an
  introduction or as part of an example.

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Narrative Writing

• Narrative writing is used for
• anecdotes and illustrative examples
• personal writing
• creative writing
• fiction

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Expository Writing

• Presents factual information about a subject
• Main purpose is to inform
• Should be objective and unbiased
• Within academic essays, we use expository writing
  when we present factual information, such as
  background or research finding

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Expository Writing

• Expository writing is used to
• report facts
• summarize ideas
• define terms
• explain a process
• give instructions

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Expository Writing

• Comparing and Contrasting
• Cause and Effect
• Proposing a Solution
• Evaluation

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Descriptive Writing

• Descriptive writing tries to convey a particular
  impression of a person, place, or thing using
  vivid imagery and specific detail
• Conveys emotions or attitude

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Descriptive Writing

• Descriptive writing is used in  
• Narratives or stories
• Reports
• Personal experiences
• Character sketches
• Advertising
• Poetry

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Persuasive Writing

• used to convince the audience to believe or agree
  with the writers argument or interpretation
• relies primarily on logic and specific supporting
  examples
• Most advanced academic writing is done in the
  persuasive mode.

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Persuasive Writing

• Persuasive writing is used in
• Literary analysis
• Historical analysis
• Debates
• Research Papers
• Advertising

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Works Cited

• Hogan, D. Writing With Style January 7, 2003
  Poway Unified School District, August 24, 2004
  lthttp//powayusd.sdcoe.k12.ca.us/projects/edtechce
  ntral/writingwStyle/modes.htmgt