ANATOMICAL CONSIDERATIONS

1
CHAPTER 8

• ANATOMICAL CONSIDERATIONS

2
ANATOMICAL CONSIDERATIONS

• Chapter 8 emphasizes those areas of anatomy most
  concerned with the embalming process.
• Chapter 8 is going to tell us about our vessel
  selection options.
• Chapter 9 is closely related in that we will
  learn the process in selecting the vessels we
  will be using. So learn chapter 8 well.

3
Anatomical Position Defined

• The subject is standing erect, the arms are at
  the sides with the palms of the hands facing the
  observer, the feet are together and the subject
  is facing the observer.

4
Definitions

• Anatomical Guide- A method of locating a
  structure, such as an artery or vein, by
  referencing to an adjacent known or prominent
  structure.
• Linear Guide- A line is drawn or visualized on
  the surface of the skin to represent the
  approximate location of some deeper lying
  structure.

5
Definitions

• Anatomical Limit- The point of origin and point
  of termination of a structure in relation to
  adjacent structures.
• Remember that blood in the veins flows in the
  direction opposite of blood in the arteries to
  the anatomical limit and the linear guide for
  the veins would be the opposite of their
  respective arteries.

6
Surface features of the Neck

• You should be able to locate the following
• Clavicle
• Mandible
• Angle of the Jaw
• Mastoid Process of the Temporal Bone
• Hyoid Bone
• Sternum
• Sernoclavicular Articulation
• Suprasternal Notch
• Thyroid Cartilage of the larynx

7
Surface features of the Neck

• Sternocleidomastoid muscle
• If you dont know where these features are
  located you can reference your Anatomy and
  Physiology textbook for a review.
• And you all thought that Anatomy and Physiology
  was useless?

8
Anterior Triangle Includes

• Hyoid Bone
• Thyroid Cartilage
• Cricoid Cartilage
• The sheath that covers all of this is called
  the platysma.

9
Common Carotid Artery

• Linear Guide- From the sternoclavicular
  articulation to the anterior surface of the base
  of the ear lobe.
• Anatomical Guide- The right and left common
  carotid arteries are located posterior to the
  medial border of the SCM Muscle.

10
Common Carotid Artery

• Anatomical Limit- It beings at the level of the
  right sternoclavicular articulation and ends at
  the superior border of the thyroid cartilage.
• Origins- The right common carotid is a terminal
  branch of the brachiocephalic artery. The left
  is a branch off the aorta.

11
Common Carotid Artery

• Branches- there are no branches of the right or
  left common carotid, except the terminal
  bifurcation into the right and left internal and
  external carotid arteries.
• The internal jugular vein lies lateral and
  superficial to the common carotid artery.

12
The Axillary Artery

• Linear Guide- Through the center of the base of
  the axillary space to a point over or through
  the center of the lateral border of the base of
  the axillary space.
• Anatomical Guide- it is just behind the medial
  border of the corcobrachalias muscle.

13
The Axillary Artery

• Anatomical limit- from a point beginning at the
  lateral border of the first rib and ends at the
  inferior border of the tendon of the teres major
  muscle.
• Origin- It is a continuation of the subclavian
  artery.
• The axillary artery is located lateral and deep
  to the axillary vein.

14
Brachial Artery

• Linear Guide- From the center of the lateral
  border of the base of the axillary space to a
  point approximately 1 inch below and in front of
  the elbow joint
• Anatomical Guide- Lies in the bicipital groove at
  the posterior margin of the medial border of the
  belly of the biceps brachii muscle.

15
Brachial Artery

• Anatomical Limit- Begins at the inferior border
  of the tendon of the teres major muscle and ends
  at a point inferior to the antecubital fossa.
• Origin- It is a continuation of the axillary
  artery.
• The accompanying basilic vein is located medial
  and superficial to the brachial artery.

16
Radial Artery

• Linear Guide- from the center of the antecubital
  fossa to the center of the base of the index
  finger.
• Anatomical Guide- Lies just lateral to the tendon
  of the flexor carpiradialis muscle and just
  medial to the tendon of the brachioradialis
  muscle.

17
Radial Artery

• Anatomical Limit- from a point approximately 1
  inch below and in front of the bend of the elbow
  to a point over the base of the thumb.
• Origin- Originates at the bifurcation of the
  brachial artery.
• Two small veins lie on both sides of the artery.

18
Ulnar Artery

• Linear Guide- The center of the antecubial fossa
  on the forearm to a point between the fourth and
  fifth fingers.
• Anatomical Guide- Just lateral to the tendon of
  the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle.
• Anatomical Limit- From a point approximately 1
  inch below and in front of the bend of the elbow
  to a point over the pisiform bone.

19
Ulnar Artery

• Origin- originates at the bifurcation of the
  brachial artery.
• Two small veins lie on either side.

20
External Iliac Artery and Vein

• It is a continuation of the common iliac artery.
• It extends to a point under the center of the
  inguinal ligament.
• The artery lies exactly at this ligament lateral
  to the external iliac vein.
• This artery is used to embalm the lower
  extremities of an autopsied body.

21
Inguinal Region

• The inguinal region is an area below the inguinal
  ligament in which the femoral vessels are found.

22
Femoral Triangle

• The inguinal ligament is the base and the sides
  are the medial border of the sartorius muscle
  and the lateral border of the adductor longus
  muscle.

23
The Femoral Artery

• Linear Guide- On the thigh from the center of the
  inguinal ligament to the center of the medial
  prominence of the knee.
• Anatomical Guide- passes through the center of
  the femoral triangle and is bound laterally by
  the medical border of the sartorius muscle and
  medially by the adductor longus muscle.

24
The Femoral Artery

• Anatomical Limit- From a point bend the center of
  the inguinal ligament o the opening in the
  adductor magnus muscle.
• Origin- it is a continuation of the external
  iliac artery.
• The vein is superficial to the femoral vein.

25
The Popliteal Artery

• Linear Guide- Center of the superior border of
  the popliteal space parallel to the long axis of
  the lower extremity to the center of the
  inferior border of the popliteal space.
• Anatomical Limit- From a point beginning a the
  opening of the adductor magnus muscle to the
  lower border of the popliteus muscle.

26
The Popliteal Artery

• Origin- it is a continuation of the femoral
  artery.
• The vein lies posterior and medial to the artery.

27
Anterior and Posterior Tibial Arteries

• Linear Guide- The anterior is from the lateral
  border of the patella to the anterior surface of
  the ankle joint. The Posterior is from the
  center of the popliteal space to a point mid-way
  between the posterior border of the tibia and the
  calcaneus tendon.

28
Anterior and Posterior Tibial Arteries

• Anatomical Guide- The anterior is in a groove
  between the tibialis anterior muscle and the
  tendon of the extensor hallucis longus muscle.
  The posterior is between the posterior border of
  the tibia and the calcaneus tendon.

29
Anterior and Posterior Tibial Arteries

• Anatomical Limit- The anterior starts at the
  beginning of the inferior border of the popliteus
  muscle to a point in from of the middle of the
  ankle joint. The posterior starts from a point
  beginning at the inferior border of the popliteus
  muscle to a point over and between the medial
  malleolus and the calcaneus of the respective
  foot.

30
Dorsalis Pedis

• Linear Guide- from the center of the anterior
  surface of the ankle joint to a point between the
  first and second toes.