Camera Trap for Wildlife Study

1
Camera Trap for Wildlife Study

• Presented by Niyaz N
• Guided by Dr André Pittet
• a Camera Trap team effort.

2
Aim of the Project was

• To develop a system that automatically takes
  pictures of animals in the wild, triggered by
  their movement.
• Characteristics simple to install and operate,
  reliable, rugged, low power consumption,
  flexible, cost effective

3
Design Goals that was taken up

• Multi function board which has
• Motion detector circuitry
• With selectable sensitivity adjustment
• User Selectable options like
• Delay between pictures
• Delay for camera refresh
• Picture mode..single, double,triple, movie
• Day / night / 24hr operation
• Support for Slave flash
• Remote/Multi camera triggering
• Dual detector support
• Support for Analog/Digital Camera
• Interface circuit and controller

4
How it was designed ?

• Basics.
• Detection of Animal using Passive methods
• Passive IR detection used
• Fresnels lens focuses to IR detector
• Trigger the camera when detected
• Other issues
• Giving periodic refresh to the camera to prevent
  shutoff
• Operating the slave flash only when needed
• Flexibility to the operator for day/night/24hrs
  operation

5
How Is It Done ?

6
Available User Settings

• EXTRN
• 00 OR
• 01 AND
• 1X EXTRN ONLY

Delay b/n Pic 00 - 5 Sec 01 - 30 Sec
10 2 min 11 15 min
Day /Night 00- Day only 01- Night only 1X-
24 hr
Refresh Rate 00- 7 min 01 2 min 10 2
hr 1X Always On
Picture Mode 00 - Single 01 - Double
10 Triple 11 - Movie
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Program Modules

• Startup
• This module contains the initialization of the
  PIC and giving a delay of 2 min for power supply
  settling Pulsing the test/red LED
• Refresh Module
• This contains the refresh pulse program depending
  on the user setting
• Extrn_Occurred
• PIR_Occurred
• Trigger and Delay Module
• Deals with the triggering pulse and the flash
  pulse
• Deals also with the delay between pictures
• Init_interrupts to initialize the interrupts
• Interrupt Module
• Handles the interrupts- change in PIR/ Extrn
  Refresh Timer timeout

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About the Program

• The Program Checks
• Day / Night setting is correct
• Whether it is Extrn Only mode and if it is , does
  not trigger when PIR triggers
• Whether it is Extrn OR Mode, if then triggering
  immediately
• If it is Extrn AND mode , it checks the occurred
  flag and if set triggers, otherwise sets the
  occurred flag correspondingly and waits for 15
  sec for the other occurrence(PIR/EXTRN)

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More about the program

• It also considers
• Flash output is enabled only during Night
• Continuous Flash output in Movie Mode
• Delay between Flash and trigger is taken
  depending on Refresh Delay setting
• To give the periodic refresh even during the
  delay time between pictures

10
Results both quantifying and qualifying

• The Power requirements were measured
• The whole board
• When idle - 0.22 mA
• With Refresh pulse output - 3.64 mA
• With Refresh and trigger - 7.46 mA
• PIC - 25.7 uA
• The board functionality was tested with
  additional detectors

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To conclude

•  
• Camera traps thus give a glimpse into a world
  which standard photography cannot capture.
• Animals that would never show themselves in the
  presence of humans are perfectly willing to make
  an appearance around the inanimate camera trap
  system.
• As a result, a variety of interesting wild
  creatures can be photographed in their habitat
  without resorting to the use of captive subjects,
  trained behavior or artificial environments.
• Camera-traps are thus becoming an indispensable
  tool for studying wildlife. They can provide
  irrefutable evidence of presence as well as data
  to estimate densities of species.

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Some things about PIC 16F628

• Low Power
• 15uA _at_ 32Khz clock typical
• 1uA standby typical
• 16 I/O Ports
• 3 Timers
• Analog Support
• 2K x 14 Flash Program Memory
• 224 x 8 RAM / 128 x 8 EEPROM Data memory

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More on Fresnel Lens
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More on PIR
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More on How system detects
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Pyroelectric Sensor

• The pyroelectric sensor is made of a crystalline
  material that generates a surface electric charge
  when exposed to heat in the form of infrared
  radiation. (EG Lithium Tantalate )
• When the amount of radiation striking the crystal
  changes, the amount of charge also changes and
  can then be measured with a sensitive FET device
  built into the sensor.
• The sensor elements are sensitive to radiation
  over a wide range so a filter window is added to
  the package to limit incoming radiation to the 8
  to 14um range which is most sensitive to body
  radiation.