ORGANIC

1
Haber Bosch
GLOBAL WARMING
ATMOSPHERE
15-40 kg/ha
TEMP
Rainfall
pH
N2O NO N2
INDUSTRIAL FIXATION
LIGHTNING, RAINFALL
PLANT AND ANIMAL RESIDUES
N2 FIXATION
Lignin
OC
SYMBIOTIC
NON-SYMBIOTIC
MESQUITE RHIZOBIUM ALFALFA SOYBEAN
BLUE-GREEN ALGAE AZOTOBACTER CLOSTRIDIUM
MATERIALS WITH N CONTENT lt 1.5 (WHEAT STRAW)
MATERIALS WITH N CONTENT gt 1.5 (COW MANURE)
FERTILIZATION
10-80 kg/ha
PLANT LOSS
AMINO ACIDS
MICROBIAL DECOMPOSITION
0-50 kg/ha
NH3
AMMONIA VOLATILIZATION
IMMOBILIZATION
AMINIZATION
HETEROTROPHIC
ORGANIC MATTER
R-NH2 ENERGY CO2
BACTERIA (pHgt6.0) FUNGI (pHlt6.0)
pHgt7.0
R-NH2 H2O
FIXED ON EXCHANGE SITES
AMMONIFICATION
NH2OH
IMMOBILIZATION
R-OH ENERGY 2NH3
N2O2-
Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Thiobacillus
Denitrificans, and T. thioparus
2NH4 2OH-
MINERALIZATION NITRIFICATION
O2
NO2-
Nitrosomonas
DENITRIFICATION
NO3- POOL
NITRIFICATION
2NO2- H2O 4H
OXIDATION STATES
O2
Nitrobacter
DENITRIFICATION LEACHING
LEACHING VOLATILIZATION NITRIFICATION
NH3 AMMONIA -3 NH4 AMMONIUM -3 N2 DIATOMIC
N 0 N2O NITROUS OXIDE 1 NO NITRIC OXIDE 2 NO2-
NITRITE 3 NO3- NITRATE 5
ADDITIONS
Joanne LaRuffa Wade Thomason Shannon
Taylor Heather Lees Department of Plant and Soil
Sciences Oklahoma State University
TEMP 50F
LEACHING
LEACHING
LOSSES
OXIDATION REACTIONS
LEACHING
REDUCTION REACTIONS
pH 7.0
0-40 kg/ha