Genetic Engineering

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Genetic Engineering
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Restriction Enzymes

• Cut DNA sequences at specific repeating patterns.
  
• EcoRI cuts at GAATTC which will appear at
  different points for different people.

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Transgenic
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Gene Therapy
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Gene Therapy

• Desired genes are inserted into viruses
• Organisms are then infected by the viruses that
  pass the cure for the genetic problem onto the
  host cells

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Transgenic

• Organisms with foreign DNA inserted into their
  own genomes.
• DNA is cut with restriction enzymes, and
  fragments containing desired genes are spliced
  into the original DNA

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Gel Electrophoresis

• After DNA is cut with restriction enzymes it will
  be run on a gel to separate the fragments by
  length.
• Longer fragments move more slowly through the gel
  than short ones

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Gel Electrophoresis
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Gels
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DNA Fingerprinting

• Technique of DNA comparison developed by Alec
  Jeffreys in Leicester England 20 years ago.
• chance of two people having identical DNA
  Fingerprints is 1 in 9,390,000,000, which is
  twice the world population

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DNA Fragments run on a gel
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Paternity Testing

• The childs DNA fragments must be a combination
  of both parents.
• Fragments belonging to the child will be either
  from mom, dad, or both.
• No fragments should simply appear in the child

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Paternity Testing
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Disease TestingSickle Cell Anemia

• Hb A is an allele that contributes normal red
  blood cells
• Hb S is an allele for sickle-shaped red blood
  cells.

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Crime Scene Investigation

• A woman and her fiancé were sleeping in their car
• Woman was raped, both murdered and the car
  stolen.
• The man caught with the stolen car said a friend
  had given him the vehicle.
• Both Chris Reesh and Randall Jones lacked alibis
  for the night of the murders.

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Crime Scene Investigation

• The first case in history decided by DNA
  fingerprinting.
• Semen from the victim
• Was cut with a restriction
• Enzyme and compared
• to blood samples from
• both suspects

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Cloning
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Cloning

• The DNA from the egg-donor is thrown away
• The DNA from the body-cell donor is placed into
  the egg cell.
• Child will be identical to the body-cell donor.